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ss__nÄ `qan-imkv{Xw

]mTy-]-²Xn hnh-cWw

ss__n-fnse Øe-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Hcp ]T\ ]c-¼-c-bmWv CXv. ]gb ]pXnb \nb-a-Im-e-§-fnse ss__n-fnÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«pÅ Øe-§sf CXnÂ DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Dev]¯n apXÂ shfn-¸mSv hsc-bpÅ Hcp `qan-imkv{X bm{X F¶-Xn-ep-]cn, BZna k`-bpsS Cu temI-¯nse ]cky {]hÀ¯-\-§sf Ipdn¨pw CXnÂ tNÀ¯n-cn-¡p-¶p.

DÅ-S¡w

apJ-hpc

ss__nÄ Ncn{Xw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-XnÂ `qan-im-kv{X-¯nsâ Øm\w.

ss__nÄ `qan-imkv{Xw

thZ-]p-kvXI \c-hw-i-imkv{Xw

hnip-²-\mSv

1. hnip-²-\m-Snsâ t]cp-IÄ

2. hnip-²-\m-Snsâ `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-amb hn`P\w

3. hnip-²-\m-Snsâ hn`-P\ Imes¯ cmjv{Sob hn`m-K-§Ä

4. tbip-hnsâ Imes¯ hnip-²-\m-Snsâ cmjv{Sob hn`-P\w

]me-kvXosâ `qan-imkv{Xw

1. Xoc-tZi taJe

2. a²y-a-e-\nc t{iWn.

3. tbmÀ±m³ Xmgvhc

]pd-¸mSpw acp-`q-an-bm{Xbpw

At¸m-kvtXm-e-\mb ]utem-knsâ bm{X-IÄ

ss__nÄ `qan-imkv{Xw

apJ-hpc

aq¶v A²ym-b-§-fn-eqsS ssZh-¯nsâ shfn-¸mSv temI-¯n\v \evIn-b-Xmbn ImWmw. H¶m-a-Xv, ]me-kvXn³ {]tZ-i-§-fnse kw`-h-§-fn-eq-sS, cv `qansb hmk-Ø-e-bm-bn- kzo-I-cn¨ a\pjy Ncn-{X-¯n-eq-sS, aq¶v bn{km-tb-ensâ {]hm-N-I-·mÀ temI-¯n\v \evInb ktµ-i-¯n-eq-sS.

ssZh-P-\-amb bn{km-tb-ensâ cmjv{Sob, BßoI Bi-b-§-fpsS ]ptcm-K-a-\-¯nÂ ssZh-¯nsâ Xpd¶ Icp-XÂ shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-XmWv ss__n-fnsâ ]Ým-¯ew. AXp-sImv F§s\? Btcm-Sp-IqsS AhÀ Pohn¨p F¶pw, AhÀ F´p {]hÀ¯n¨p F¶pw. F´v Nn´n¨p F¶pw \mw Adn-tb--Xm-Wv. Ncn-{Xs¯ Ncn-{X-ambn krjvSn-¡p-¶-XnÂ Ncn-{X-¯nsâ ]Ým-¯-e-amb `qan-imkv{X LS-\bv¡v hfsc ]¦p-v. temI Ncn-{X-¯nÂ bn{km-tb-ensâ Ncn{Xw Hcp kvt\l IY-bmWv temI-¯nÂ bn{km-tb-ensâ Øm\w hfsc \Ã \ne-bnÂ Xs¶ Nn{Xo-I-cn-¨n-v.

ss__nÄ Ncn{Xw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-XnÂ `qan-im-kv{X-¯nsâ Øm\w.

`qan-im-kv{X-hpw, Ncn-{Xhpw X½nÂ kPo-h-amb _Ô-§-fp-v. Ncn-{X-¯n-sâbpw, `qan-im-kv{X-¯n-sâbpw ]T\w X½nÂ CS-I-eÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. Ncn-{Xs¯ IqSm-sX-bpÅ `qan-im-kv{Xw, thÀs¸-«-Xpw, \ncp-Õm-l-]-c-hp-am-bn-cn-¡pw. AXp-t]mse Xs¶ `qan-im-kv{XanÃmsX Ncn-{Xhpw \ncÀ°-I-am-Wv. DZvt_m-[-I-§fmb kw`-h-§-fpsS {]ZÀi-\-im-e-bmbpw a\p-jysâ kt¦-X-§-fmbpw , kap-{Z-§-sf-bpw, ]pg-I-sfbpw ae-I-sf-bpw, Xmgz-c-I-sfbpw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xp-sImv Ncn{Xw `qan-im-kv{Xs¯ {]m[m-\y-X-bp-f--f-Xmbn ImWp-¶p.

`qan-imkv{Xw Ncn-{X-¯n\v bmYmÀ°y-X-bpw, kv]jvS-Xbpw \ÂIp¶p asäÃm cmjv{S-§-sfbpw t]mse kap-Nn-X-amb kXy-¯n-epw, ssZh-ln-X-¯nepw Df-hmb temI-¯nÂ Pohn¨ hyàn-I-fmWv ss__n-fnse P\X F¶Xv ss__n-Ä `qan-imkv{X shfn-¨-¯nÂ a\-Ên-em-¡m-hp¶ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv.

aX-]-c-amb ]T-\-¯n\v cv cq]-¯n-epÅ `qan-imkv{X ]T-\-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv.

1) LS-\-IÄ \evIp¶ `uXnI `qan-im-kv{Xw(Physical Geography) 2) kw`h ]c-¼-c-IÄ \ÂIp¶ Ncn{X `qan-im-kv{Xhpw (Historical Geography). Ncn-{X-]-c-amb `qan imkv{X-¯n-emWv ip²-amb hnkvXrX hnh-cW ]T\w DÄsIm-Ån-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡-¶-Xv. `uXnI `qan-imkv{Xw ss__n-fnse kw`-h-§-fpw, Ncn-{X-§fpw Hcn-¡-embn hymJym-\n-¡p-¶p. acp-`q-an, kap-{Zw, ]ÀÆ-Xw, XpS-§nb CSp-§nb ]cn-[n-bnÂ \n¶p-sImv ]me-kvXo-s\bpw AXnse P\-§-sfbpw aäv cmPy-§-fnÂ \n¶pw {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ \n¶pw hyXy-kvX-X-bp-Å-Xmbn ImWn-¡p-¶p. {]tZ-i-§-fpsS `uXnI kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-IÄ¡v Bg-¯nÂ kv]Àin-¡p¶ {]m[m-\y-X-bpv Ncn-{X-¯nsâ ]Ým-¯e kÖo-I-c-Ws¯ Ipdn¨v asä-s´-¦nepw D]-cn-bmbn ss_XnI `qan-imkv{Xw \ap¡v Adnhv \ÂIp-¶p. Ncn-{X-]-c-amb `qan-imkv{Xw kw`-h-§-fpsS ka-b-hpw, Øehpw \nÀ®-bn-¡p¶p Øe-§sf kw`-h-§-fp-ambn tbmNn-¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ, Øe-§sf Ft¶-¡p-ambn bmYmÀ°y-hp-ambn \nt£-]n-¡p-¶p. kw`-h-§fpw Øe–§fpw X½n-epÅ kwtbm-P\w Ch X½n-epÅ _Ôs¯bpw, kw`-h-t{i-Wn-sbbpw FSp-¯p-Im-Wn-¡p-¶-Xn-t\m-sSm¸w HmÀ½bv¡v Aaq-ey-amb klm-b-ambn Xocp-Ibpw sN¿p¶p CXp-t]m-se-bpÅ Bhn-jvI-c-k-aÀ°-amb {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä hfsc ^e-{]-Z-amb ]T-\-co-Xn-bm-Wv.

ss__nÄ `qan-imkv{Xw

28,000 ssaÂ sX¡v hS¡v 3000 ssaÂ Ing¡v ]Sn-ªmdv Gjy, bqtdm-¸v, B{^n¡ F¶o {]tZ-i-§Ä DÄs¸-«-XmWv ss__n-fnse {]tZ-i-§Ä F¶v IW-¡m-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p.

ss__n-fnse {]tZ-i-§Ä

F) I\m³:þ a²y-[-cWn IS-en-\pw, tbmÀ±m³ \Zn¡pw at²y InS-¡p¶ {]tZ-i -`m-K-amWv I\m³.

_n) CuPn]väv:þ ss\Â \Zn-bpsS hSt¡ Xmgvhcbpw tNÀ¶v hcp¶ {]tZ-i-§-bfpw DÄsIm-Åp-¶-XmWv CuPn-]väv.

kn) Iqiv:þ in\mÀ, tImÀtUm-^m³, A_n-ko-\n-b, \p_nb XpS-§nb {]tZ-i-§Ä tNÀ¶p hcp¶ CuPn-]vXn\v sX¡v InS-¡p¶ {]tZ-i-amWv ss__n-fnse Iqiv AsÃ-¦nÂ FtXym-]y.

Un) en_nb:þ a²y-[-cWn ISÂ AXnÀ¯n-bmbn CuPn-]vXn\v ]Sn-ªmdv ØnXn sNbvXn-cp¶ hS-¡³ B{^-¡-bnse Øe-amWv en_n-b.

C) Atd_y:-þ I\m\v sX¡v Ing-¡mbn InS-¡p¶ cmPyw.

F^v) s^mbv\njy:þ a²y-[-c-Wn-¡-SÂ AXnÀ¯n-bmbn I\m\v hS-¡p-bÅ cmPy-amWv CXv

Pn) kndnb:-þ s^mbv\o-jybpsS sXm«p Ing-¡mWv kndn-b.

F¨v) Gjy-ssa-\À:-þ a²y-[-c-Wn-¡-S-en-\pw, s^mbv\o-jy¡pw hS-¡mWv Gjym-ssa-\À.

sF) AÀta-\nb:þ Ing¡ Gjym-ssa-\-dn-t\mSv tNÀ¶v AÀta-\nb ØnXn sN¿p-¶p.

sP) saks]mt«manb:þ ssS{Ko-kv, bq{^«okv \Zn-IÄ¡v a²y-¯nÂ ØnXn-sN-¿p¶ Øe-amWv CXv.

sI) Ako-cnb:þ Ing¡v sak-s¸-t«m-anb AXnÀ¯n-bm-bpÅ cmPy-amWv Akn-co-b.

FÂ) _m_n-tem-Wnb:þ Ako-dn-b-¡v sX¡v DÅ {]tZ-i-amWv s]mXpsh _m_n-tem-Wnb, AsÃ-¦nÂ IevZb F¶v Adn-b-s¸-«n-cp-¶p.

Fw) taZy. AÊo-cnbbpsS Ing-¡mWv taZy InS-¡p-¶-Xv.

F³) Gemw. taZy-bpsS sX¡mWv Gemw.

H) t]Àjy. _m_n-tem-Wn-bbv¡v sX¡v Ing-¡pw, Gem-an\v sX¡p-amWv t]Àjy.

]n) {Kokv. bqtdm-]y³ `qJ-WvU–¯nÂ \n¶pw a²y[-cWn IS-en-te¡v XÅn \nev¡p¶ Hcp D]-Zzo-]mWv Cu cmPyw.

Iyp) amkn-tUm¬. Cu cmPyw hS¡v {Kokp-ambn tbmPn¨v InS-¡p-¶p. {Kokn\v ]Sn-ªm-dmbn

BÀ) Cä-en. a²y-[-cWn IS-en-emWv bqtdm-¸nÂ \n¶pw XÅn \nev¡p¶ Hcp D]-Zzo-]mWv Cä-en.

ss__n-fnÂ ]d-b-s¸-Sp¶ kap–{Z-§Ä

1) a²y-[-cWn ISÂ:-þ B{^n-¡-bpsS hS-¡v, Gjy-bpsS ]Sn-ªm-dv, bqtdm-¸nsâ sX¡v Bbn ss__nÄ Ncn-{X-¯nse henb kap-{Z-amb a²y-[-c-Wn-I-SÂ InS-¡p-¶p.

2)- sN-¦-SÂ:þ Atd-_y³ D]-Zzo-]n-tâbpw B{^n-¡³ `qJ-WvU-¯n-sâbpw CSbv¡v ImWp-¶-XmWv sN¦-SÂ

3) Nmhp-ISÂ:þ sX¡v Ing-¡v I-\m³ AX-n-cmbn ImWp¶ Pe-ti-J-cs¯ Nmhp-I-SÂ F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.

4) Keo-e-¡-SÂ:þ ]me-kvXo-\nse Keo-e-bpsS t\sc Ing-¡mbn InS-¡p¶ ip²-Pe XSm-I-s¯-bmWv Keoem ISÂ AYhm Xn_-cymkv ISÂ F¶v ]d-bp-¶-Xv.

5) tatcmw XSm-Iw:þ Keoem IS-en\v hS¡v InS-¡p¶ sNdnb ip²-P-e-X-Sm-I-amWv lpsse- bpsS satcmw XSm-Iw.

6) Icn-¦-SÂ:þ Gjym-ssa-\-dnsâ hS-¡mWv Icn-¦-SÂ.

7) Imkv]n-b³ ISÂ:þ AÀta-\y-bpsS hS¡v Ing-¡mWv Imkv]n-b³ IS-ensâ Øm\w.

ss__n-fnse Zzo]p-IÄ

1. Ipt{]m-kv:þ Gjym-ssa-\-dn\v sX¡m-bn, s^mbv\o-jy¡v ]Sn-ªm-dmbn a²y-[-c-Wn-¡-S-ense Hcp Zzo]mWv Ipt{]mkv.

2. t{I¯:þ {Kokn-\v sX¡v Ing-¡m-bn, Ipt{]m-kn\v ]Sn-ªm-dmbn a²y-[-cWn IS-enÂ t{I¯ ØnXn sN¿p-¶p.

3. knknen:þ Cä-en¡v t\sc sX¡mWv knkn-en.

4. saeo¯:þ knkn-en¡v sX¡mWv knkn-en.

5. ]tßmkv:þ Gjym ssa\-dnsâ Xoc¯p\n¶pw

ss__n-fnse ]ÀÆ-X§Ä

1. se_m-t\m³:þ ]me-kvXosâ hS-¡³ AXnÀ¯n-bnÂ ØnXn sN¿p¶ ]ÀÆ-X-amWv se_m-t\m³.

2. IÀt½Â:þ hS¡v ]Sn-ªmdv Zni-bnÂ a²y-[-cWn IS-en-te¡v Aev]w XÅn \nev¡p-¶, ia-cy-bp-sS-bpw, Keo-e-bp-sSbpw AXn-À-¯n-bmbn {]IrXym cq]-s¸-«n-«pÅ ae \nc-bmWv IÀt½Â.

3. slÀt½m³:þ Keo-e-bpsS hS¡v hi-¯mbn Cu ]ÀÆXm ØnXn sN¿p-¶p.

4. Xmt_mÀ:þ Keoe IS-ensâ sX¡v ]Sn-ªm-dmbn Aev]w AIse Xmt_mÀ ae ØnXn sN¿p-¶p.

5. ImÂhdn:þ sbcp-i-te-an\v t\sc hS-¡mWv ImÂhdn

6. Henhv ae:þ sbcp-i-te-an\v t\sc Ing-¡mWv Henhv ae ØnXn-sN-¿p-¶-Xv.

7. s\t_m:þ hSt¡ Aä-¯n\v Ing-¡mbn ]nkvKm F¶ t]cnepw Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶ Cu ]ÀÆXw ØnXn sN¿p-¶p.

8. ko\mbv:þ sXt¡m«v hym]n¨v sN¦-Sen-te¡v InS-¡p¶ kn\m-än¡v D]-Zzo]v F¶ {]tZ-i-¯nsâ Aä-¯mWv CXv.

ss__n-fnse ]«-W-§Ä

1) sbcp-itew:þ a²y-[-cWn IS-en-\pw, Nmhp-I-S-ensâ hSt¡ Aä-¯n\pw ]IpXn Zqc-¯nÂ BWv blq-Z³·mcpsS Xe-Øm-\-amb bcp-itew ØnXn-sN-¿p-¶-Xv.

2) t_Zvetlw:þ bcp-i-te-an\v Bdv ssaÂ sX¡mbn Cu ]«Ww InS-¡p-¶p.

3) \k-td¯v:þ Keoem IS-en\v hS¡v Nne ssaep-IÄ¡-¸pdw Cu ]«Ww ØnXn-sN-¿p-¶p.

4) I^À¶lqw:þ \½psS IÀ¯m-hnsâ Keoem ip{iq-j-bpsS Xe-Øm-\-am-bn-cp¶ Cu ]«Ww Keoem IS-ensâ hSt¡ Xoc-¯mWv ØnXn sN¿p-¶-Xv.

5) ssIkcy:þ bcp-i-te-ansâ hS¡v ]Sn-ªmdv Zni-bnepw, Keo-em-I-S-ensâ sX¡v ]Sn-ªmdv Zni-bn-epw, a²y-[-cWn ISÂXo-c¯v ØnXn sN¿p¶ ]«-W-am-Wn-Xv.

6) Za-kvtImk v:þ slÀt½m³ aebv¡v Aev]w hS-¡mbn Cu ]«Ww ØnXn-sN-¿p-¶p.

7) At´ymIy :þ Za-kvtIm-kn\v hS-¡m-bn, a²y-[-cWn IS-en\v Ing-¡mbn At´ymIy ØnXn sN¿p-¶p.

sImcn´ v:þ {Koknsâ a²y-`m-K-¯mbn Cu ]«Ww ØnXn sN¿p-¶p.

9) BsX³kv :þ sImcn´v t\sc Ing-¡mWv BsX³kv.

10) sXk-tem-\nIy :þ CuPn-b³ ISÂ Xoc¯v a¡-tZm-\y-bn-emWv Cu ]«-Ww.

11) ^nen¸n :þ sXk-tem-\y-Iy¡v Ing¡v ASp-¯mbn Cu ]«Ww ØnXn sN¿p-¶p.

12) s]À¤-tam-kv, Xpb-ssY-c, kÀ±o-kv, ^ne-sZÂ^n-b, F^-tkm-kv, sImtfm-sÊ, t{Xmhm-kv, saen-¯-kv, sethm-ZIy:þ Cu ]«-W-§Ä Gjy-bpsS {]h-iy-Ifmbncp-¶p.

13) _m_n-tem¬ :þ G-I-tZiw bcp-i-te-an\v t\sc Ing-¡mbn bq{^-«okv \Zn-bpsS Acn-I-¯mWv _m_n-tem¬.

14) \n\sh :þ GI-tZiw _m_n-tem-Wn\v hS-¡mbn ssS{Kokv \Zn-tbmSv tNÀ¶mWv \n\-sh.

15) t\mlv:þ C¶s¯ sIbvtdm ØnXn sN¿p-¶Xv Aev]w Xmsg-bmbn ss\Â \Zn-tbmSv tNÀ¶v BWv saw^nkv F¶- t]-cnepw Adn-bp¶ tXm^n-sâ -Øm\w.

thZ-]p-kvXI \c-hwi imkv{Xw

ssZh-¯nsâ Xnc-sªSp¡-s¸« P\-¯nsâ Ncn{Xw a\-Ên-em-¡p-hm³, hnip-²-\m-Sns\ AhÀ ssIh-i-am-¡nb Ime-¯v, hmWn-Py-§-fpw, t]mcm-«-§fpw \S-¯nb Ah-cpsS AbÂ P\-§sf Ipdn-¨pÅ Adnhv hfsc {][m-\-s¸-«-Xm-Wv.

I\m-\yÀ:þ lmansâ Cfb ]p{X-\mb I\msâ k´-Xv#n ]c-¼-c-I-fmWv I\msâ bYmÀ° P\X Atam-cyÀ, lnXyÀ, sb_q-kyÀ, KnÀ¤-iyÀ, s]cn-ÊyÀ, lnhyÀ F¶n-h-cmWv Chn-Sps¯ tKm{X-§-fp-ambn ImWp-¶-Xv. Hcp ]«-W-¯n-em-bn, Hmtcm {Kq¸p-I-fmbn Cu tKm{X-§-fn-e-[n-Ihpw Xma-kn-¨n-cp-¶p. CXnÂ lnXyÀ kml-kn-I-Xbpw iàn-bp-apÅ P\-þþ hn`m-K-ambn Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.

s^en-kvXyÀ:þ lmansâ cmas¯ ]p{X-\mb an{k-bo-ansâ k´Xn ]c-¼-c-I-fmWv s^e-kvXyÀ Hcp kp{]-`m-X-¯nÂ AhÀ CuPn-]vXnse I^vtXmÀ hnSp-I-bpw, I\m\v sX¡v hS-¡mbn a²y-[-cWn ISÂ Xoc¯v Hcp sNdnb {]tZ-i¯v AhÀ Xma-k-am¡n s^en-kvXyÀ bn{km-tbÂ P\-¯nsâ Ønc i{Xp-¡-fm-bp-cp-¶p. KÊm, AkvI-tem³, AkvtXm-Zv, Ft{Im³, KmZv F¶o A©v tIm« sI«nb ]«-W-§Ä ZoÀL-Imew AhÀ ]co-£n¨p {Ko¡p-Im-cp-sS-bpw, t]Àjy-¡m-cp-sSbpw Io-gn-epÅ A]-N-b-§Ä¡v tijw Ah-km-\-ambn a¡m-_-b-cpsS Ime¯v Pm\n-bkvsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ blq-Z-·m-cmÂ 88þÂ Iog-S-¡-s¸-«p. CtXmsS s^en-kvXy-cpsS cmjv{Sob \ne-\nev¸v \jvS-s¸-«p.

CuPn-]vXp-ImÀ:þ ss\Â \Zn-bpsS Xmgvhcbpw, kao-]-{]-tZ-i-§fpw hmk-Ø-e-am-¡nb an{k-bn-an-eq-sS-bpÅ lmansâ k´Xn ]c-¼-I-c-IfmWv an{k-bo-ayÀ AYhm CuPn-Xp-ImÀ. ]pcm-X\ P\-hÀ¤-§-b-fnÂ {]t_m-t[mbw Dm-bn-cp¶ Hcp P\-X-bm-bn-cp¶p CuPn-]vXp-ImÀ. CuPn-]vänsâ Ncn{Xw aq¶mbn Xncn-¡mw.

1) ]pcm-X\ km{amPyw :þ ]pcm-X\ Imew apXÂ GI-tZiw 1900 BC hsc.

2) lntIym-kp-I-fpsS Imew AYhm CS-b-cm-Pm-¡-·m-cpsS Imew :þ 1900þ 1525 BC

3) \ho\ km{amPyw :þ t]Àjy-¡m-cpsS `c-W-¯nÂ Iogn-eqsS cmPyw IS-¶p-t]mb 1525 apXÂ 525 BC hscbpÅ Imew BC 322þÂ CuPn-]äv alm-\mb Ae-Ivkm--dnsâ `c-W-¯nÂ IognÂ h¶p. Ae-Ivkm--dnsâ ac-W- tijw GI-tZiw XpSÀ¶ h¶ aq¶v \qäm-p-IÄ Ae-Ivkm-dnsâ ]n³Km-an-I-fmb tSmf-an-bpsS `c-W-¯n³ Iogn-em-bn. BC 30þÂ CuPn]vXv tdmam-[n-Im-c-¯n³ IognÂ h¶p.

4) IqiyÀ:þ lmansâ k´Xn ]c-¼-c-I-fmWv IqiyÀ _m_n-tem-Wn\v sX¡v Ing-¡m-bn, t]Àjy¡v ]Sn-ªm-dmbn Iqiy-cpsS cmPyw F¶ÀXYw hcp¶ IpivØm³ AYhm kpdn-bm\ F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp¶ Øe-¯nse \nhm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp¶p ChÀ ]n¶oSv ]Sn-ªmdv amdn Atd-_y-bn-te¡v \o§n. Ah-km-\-am-bn, CuPn-]vXn\v sX¡pÅ A_n-Êo-\nb F¶ B{^n-¡³ cmPy-¯n-te¡v amdn. ]gb \nba {]h-N-\-§-fnÂ ]e-t¸mgpw AhÀ an{k-bo-ay-tcmSv tNÀ¯mWv ]cm-aÀÈn-¡-s¸-«n-«p-f-f-Xv.

5) Aam-te-IyÀ:þ lmanÂ \n¶p-apÅ hwi-P-cmWv ChÀ F¶v Nn´n-¡p¶p sN¦-S-ensâ ]Snªmd³ DÄ¡-SÂ apXÂ bq{^-«okv \Zn-hsc hym]n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶, I\msâ sX¡pw sX¡v ]Sn-ªm-dpÅ Øe-¯mWv ChÀ hkn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv.

GtZm-ayÀ:þ bmt¡m-_nsâ ktlm-Z-c-\m-bn-cp¶ Gim-hnsâ k´Xn ]c-¼-c-Isf BWv GtZm-ayÀ F¶v ]d-bp-¶-Xv. blq-Zy-bpsS sX¡mbn ØnXn sN¿p¶ {]tZ-i-am-bn-cp¶p Ch-cpsS hmk-Ø-ew. \mbm«p hoc³am-cp-sSbpw t]mcm-fn-I-fp-sSbpw cmPy-am-bn-cp¶p CXv blq-Z³am-cp-ambn ]e-t¸mgpw ChÀ bp²-¯n-teÀs¸-«n-cp-¶p. F¶mÂ Ah-km-\-ambn tPm¬ lmÀ¡m-a-kn-\mÂ tijn¸v blq-Z³am-tcmSv IqsS tNÀ¡-s¸-«p.

anZym-\yÀ:þ sIXq-d-bn-epÅ A{_-lm-ansâ k´-XnIfmWv anZym-\yÀ. anZym-\-cnÂ `qcn-`m-Khpw I\m\v sX¡v Ing-¡m-bpw, GtZm-ayÀ¡v Ing-¡mbpw ]mÀ¯n-cp-¶p. hfsc A[mÀ½n-I-X-bn-epw, hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn-epw, hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bnepw Pohn¨ P\-X-bm-bn-cp¶p CXv.

Atam-\y-cpw, tamhm-_ycpw:þ Nmhp-I-S-en\v Ing-¡mbn ]mÀ¯n-cp-¶, X½nÂ _Ô-§-fpÅ tem¯nsâ k´Xn ]c-¼-c-I-fmb tKm{X-§-fm-Wn-h.

kndn-b-¡mÀ:þ tian-sâ-bpw, A{_-lm-ansâ ktlm-Z-c-\mb \mtlm-cn-sâbpw Cfw Xe-ap-d-¡m-cmWv Acm-ayÀ F¶ t]cnepw Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶ kndn-b-¡mÀ. Cu cmPyw I\m\v hS¡v Ing-¡mbn ØnXn sN¿p-¶p. ]pcm-X-\-Im-e¯v bq{^-«n-kn-\-¸p-d-t¯¡pw ]cn-K-Wn-¡-¯¡ \ne-bnÂ ChÀ hym]n-¨n-cp-¶p. ZmhoZv cmPm-hnsâ `c-W-k-a-b¯v bn{km-tb-ensâ IognÂ hs¶-¦n-epw, ]n¶oSv Ie-ln-¨p.

AÊn-dn-b-¡mÀ:þ ]pcm-X-\-Im-es¯ A`ymkw XnIª hwi-§-fnÂ H¶m-bn-cp¶p Cu P\-X. tiansâ AÈqÀ hgn-bpÅ k´Xn ]c-¼-c-I-fmWv Cu P\-k-aq-lw. ChÀ ssS{Ko-knsâ Xmgvhmc¯v \n\sh ]«Ww ]WnXv AhnsS Xma-k-am-¡n-b-Xm-Wv. Gdn-b-Imew Cu {]tZ-i¯v X§Ä¡v kap-¶X kzm[o\w Dm-bn-cp-s¶-¦nepw BC 625þÂ _mt_-en-sâ-bpw, taZy-cp-sSbpw kwL-SnX iàn-IÄ X§-fpsS Xe-Øm\w ]nSn-¨-S-¡n.

_m_n-tem-Wn-b-¡mÀ:þ tiansâ ]n³X-e-ap-d-¡m-cmbn Chsc Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶p. _mt_Â tKm]p-c-¯nsâ Ah-in-jvS-§Ä DÅ bq{^-«n-knsâ Xmgvhmc-¯nÂ _m_n-tem-Wnb \Kcw ]Sp-¯p-bÀ¯v ChÀ AhnsS hkn-¨p. {]mcw-`-Zn-i-bnÂ kaÀ°cpw IyqWnt^mw Fgp-¯nsâ Ip-]n-Sp-¯-¡mcpw Bbn-cn-cp-s¶-¦nepw AÊo-dn-b-bpsS ]c-am-[n-Imcw ]n¶oSv Chsc A[:]Xn-¨p.

hnip-²-\mSv

hS¡v slÀtam³ ]ÀÆXw apXÂ sX¡v ImtZiv _Àt¶-b-hsc Zqc-¯nÂ 180 ssaÂ {]tZ-i-s¯-bmWv hnip-²-\mSv F¶v icn-bm-bn KWn-¡p-¶-Xv. CXnsâ ]c-am-h[n hnkvXrXn \qdv ssaepw icm-icn hnkvXrXn Adp-]Xv ssaepw BWv. ]g-b-\n-b-a-¯nepw ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-¯nepw hnh-cn-¨n-«pÅ A[nI kw`-h-§fpw \S-¯n-«p-ÅXv Cu {]tZ-i-¯m-Wv.

hnip² \mSnsâ t]cp-IÄ

I\m-\yÀ:þ CXmWv Cu \mSnsâ icn-bmb t]cv. I\msâ k´Xn ]c-¼-c-IÄ hkn-¨n-cp¶ Øe-am-bn-cp-¶-Xn-\m-emWv Cu t]cv kn²n-¨-Xv.

hmKvZ¯ \mSv:þ A{_lmansâ Ahsâ k´Xn ]c-¼-c-IÄ¡pw Ft¶¡pw Ah-Im-i-ambn sImSp-¡p-sa¶v ssZhw hmKvZ¯w sNbvX Øe-am-b-Xn-\mÂ BWv CXn\v hmKvZ¯ \mSv F¶ t]cv ssIh-¶-Xv.

bn{km-tbÂ:þ ]{´v tKm{X-§-fpsS CS-bnse hn`-P-\-¯n\v tijw BWv bn{km-tbÂ \mSv F¶ t]cv \ne-hnÂ h¶-Xv.

sblqZm:þ sXs¡ cmPy-¯n-\mWv BZy Cu t]cv hnfn-¨n-cp-¶-sX-¦nepw _m_n-temWy {]hm-k-¯n\v tijw NnX-dnb Ah-Ø-bnÂ apgp-{]-tZ-i-¯n\pw Cu t]cv D]-tbm-Kn-¨p.

]me-kvXo³:þ {][m-\-ambpw {InkvXp-hnsâ Ime-¯n\v tijw hnip-²-\mSv Cu t]cnÂ Adnb-s¸-Sm³ XpS§n sX¡v ]Sn-ªmdv AXnÀ¯n-bnÂ hkn-¨n–cp¶ “s^enkvXy’ P\-Xsb kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-XmWv Cu t]cv.

hnip² \mSnsâ {]IrXn hn`-P\w

hnip-²-\m-Sns\ Xmsg ]dbpw hn[-¯nÂ `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn 7 Bbn Xncn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.

kap-{Z-Xoc ka-Xew:þ sX¡v s^en-kvXy-bnÂ \n¶v hS¡v Gjymssa\À hsc a²y-[-cWn IS-en-t\mSv tNÀ¶v InS-¡p¶ Xmgv¶ {]tZ-i-am-Wn-Xv. IÀt½-en\v Xmsg s^enkvXym ka-Xew F¶pw, imtcm³ ka-X-e-sa¶pw cmbn Xpey-ambn hn`-Pn-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p.

2) sjt^e:þ blqZm ae-IÄ¡pw, s^enkvXym ka-X-e-¯n\pw CS-bn-epÅ sNdp-Ip-¶p-I-fpsS kaq-l-§sf B[p-\nI `qan-im-kv{X-P³amÀ C§s\ \ma-I-cWw sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶p.

3) blqZm ae-\n-c-IÄ:þ hS¡v IÀt½Â ]ÀÆ-X-¯nsâ ASp-¯p-\n¶pw sX¡v t_Àti_m hsc hym]n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ ae-\n-c-Isf C§s\ Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.

4) tbmÀ±m³ Xmgvhc:þ tbmÀ±m³ \Zn Hgp-Ip¶ hfsc CSp-§n-b-Xpw, Xmgv¶-Xp-amb Xmgzm-c-am-Wn-Xv.

5) F-kv{Um-bn-tem¬ ka-Xew:þ tbmÀ±m³ Xmgzc apXÂ a²y-[-cWn ISÂ hsc hS¡v ]Sn-ªm-d³ Zni-bnÂ hym]n¨p InS-¡p¶ Øe-amWv Cu ka-Xew IÀt½-en\v hS-¡mbpw ØnXn sN¿p-¶p.

6) Keoem ae-\n-c-IÄ:þ a²y-[-cWn IS-en\pw tbmÀ±m³ \Zn¡pw CS-bnÂ IÀt½-en\v hS-¡mbn Keoem ae-\n-c-IÄ ØnXn sN¿p-¶p.

7) tbmÀ±m-\-¸p-d-apÅ DbÀ¶ {]tZ-i-§Ä:þ tbmÀ±m³ Xmgvhmc-¯nsâ Ing¡v hi-¯mbn InS-¡p¶ DbÀ¶ {]tZ-i-§fpw hnip-²\m-Snsâ `mK-ambn IW-¡m-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.

hn`-P-\-k-a-bs¯ hnip-²-\m-Snsâ cmjv{Sob hn`-P\w

tbmip-hm-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ hnip-²-\mSv ]{´v tKm{X-§Ä¡p-ambn hn`-Pn-¡-s¸-«p. H³]Xc tKm{X-§Ä¡v tbmÀ±msâ ]Sn-ªm-dmbn {]tZ-i-§Ä In«n-b-t¸mÄ, cc tKm{X-b-§Ä¡v (cq-t_³, KmZv, a\-sÈ-bpsS ]IpXn tKm{Xw) tbmÀ±m-\-¸p-d-apÅ {]tZ-i-§Ä e`n-¨p. ZmhoZv cmPm-hnsâ `c-W-¯nÂ IognÂ cmPy-¯nsâ AXnÀ¯n-IÄ hnim-e-am-bn, Bb-Xn-\mÂ item-tam³ cmPmhv bq{^-«okv \Zn-ap-XÂ s^en-kvXy-cpsS tZiw hsc-bpw, CuPn-]vXnsâ AXnÀ¯n-h-scbpw `cn¨p (1 cmPm 4:21) F¶mÂ hopw hn`-P-\-k-a-b-am-b-t¸mÄ tbmiphm Iog-S-¡nb ka-b-s¯-t]mse cmPyw KWy-ambn hep-¸-¯nÂ Npcp-§n.

1. blqZ:þ Atd-_y³ acp-`q-an¡v hS-¡m-bn, C¶v Pmþ ØnXn sN¿p-¶-Xn\v Aev]w AI-se-bmbn, Nmhp-I-S-en\v Nne Intem-ao-äÀ hS-¡mbn tbmÀ±m³ \Zn apXÂ a²y-[-cWn IS-ensâ Xoc¯v Hcp `mKw hsc-bp-am-bpÅ {Ia-c-ln-X-amb Hcp tcJbv¡v DÅnÂ hcp-¶-XmWv blq-Z.

2. bn{km-tbÂ:þ blq-Z-bpsS hSt¡ AXn-cn-sâbpw AÀt\m³ \Zn-bpsS sX¡pw, se_m-t_m³ ae-\n-c-I-fpsS hS-¡mbpw InS-¡p¶ {]tZiw BWv CXv.

IV hniq² \mSnsâ tbip-{In-kvXp-hnsâ Imes¯ cmjv{Sob hn`-P\w

tbip-{In-kvXp-hnsâ Ime¯v hnip-²-\mSv cmjv{So-b-ambn A©mbn hn`-Pn-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶p

1. blq-Zy:þ a²y-[-c-Wn-I-SÂ ]Sn-ªm-dm-bn, Nmhp-I-S-epw, tbmÀ±m\pw Ing-¡m-bn, ]me-kvXosâ a²y`mKw hS-¡m-bn, Hcp {Ia-c-lnX tcJ Ing-¡n-\pw, ]Sn-ªm-dn-\p-ambn Dv CXmWv blq-Zy.

2. ia-cyþ blq-Zy-bpsS hS-¡³ AXnÀ¯n sX¡m-bn, IÀt½Â ]ÀÆ-X-hpw, sskXm t]meokv ]«-Whpw hS-¡m-bn, tbmÀ±m³ \Zn Ing-¡m-bn, a²y-[-cWn ISÂ ]Sn-ªm-dmbn InS-¡p¶ {]tZ-i-amWv ia-cy.

3. Keo-eþ IÀt½Â ]ÀÆ-X-hpw, sskXm t]meokv ]«-Whpw sX¡m-bn, se_m-t\m³ ae-\n-c-IÄ hS-¡m-bn, tbmÀ±m³ \Znbpw, Keo-e-I-Sepw Ing-¡m-bn, a²y-[-cWn ISÂ ]Sn-ªm-dmbn ØnXn sN¿p¶ Øe-amWv Keo-e.

3. s]cb:þ hS¡v bmÀap¡v \Zn-bpw, sX¡v AÀt\m³ \Zn-bpw, Ing¡v Atd-_y³ acp-`q-anbpw, ]Sn-ªmdv Nmhp IS-epw, tbmÀ±m-\pw, s]c-bpsS AXnÀ¯n \nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶p.

4. _mim³:þ hS¡v kndn-b-bpw, Ing¡v Atd-_y³ acp-`q-an-bpw, sX¡v bmÀap¡v \Zn-bpw, ]Sn-ªmdv tbmÀ±m³ \Zn-bpw, Keoe ISepw _mimsâ AXnÀ BWv.

E. ]me-kvXosâ `qan-imkv{Xw

F{_m-b-cpsS BK-a-\-¯n\v ap¼v I\m-\yÀ Cu tZis¯ \nhm-kn-I-b-fm-bn-cp-¶-Xn-\mÂ I\m³ F¶m-bn-cp¶p CXnsâ ]gb t]cv (kwJy 13:29) tbmÀ±m-\pw, a[y-[-cWn IS-en-\pw, se_m-t\m-\pw, sXs¡ acp-`q-anbv¡pw CS-bn-emWv I\msâ Øm\w. "]me-kvXo\m’ F¶ hm¡v ” {Ko¡v hm¡nÂ \n¶p-amWv Dcn-Xn-cn-ªXv ]n¶oSv tdmam-¡mÀ CXn\v cq]-t`Xw hcp¯n “]me-kvXo-\nb’ F¶-Xm¡n 6,600 kvIzbÀ ssaÂ BWv ]me-kvXo³ \ne-sIm-Åp-¶p. ae-\n-c-I-fmÂ Npä-s¸« tZi-am-b-Xn-\mÂ i{Xp-¡-fpsS B{I-aWw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc \ntcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw CXn\v Ign-bp¶p. CXn\p ]pdta CuPn-]vXns\ _m_n-tem-Wp-ambn _Ôn-¸n-¡p¶ “sslth’ bpambpw CXv Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.

1. Xoc-tZ-i-ta-Je Nne þþ Ic-t½Â ]ÀÆXw kap-{Z-¯n-te¡v Cd-§n-In-S-¡p-¶-Xp- ap-XÂ sXs¡- A-ä¯v ap¸Xv ssaÂ hsc-bmWv Xoc-tZi taJe F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶Xv Cu sXt¡ Aäw s^en-kvXy-cpsS ]pcm-X\ tXi-am-bn-cp¶p Chn-sS-bmWv A©v s^enkvXy ]«-W-§Ä \ne-\n-¶n-cp-¶-Xv. KÊm ]«-W-am-bn-cp¶p Gähpw sX¡v, CuPn-]vXnÂ \n¶pw hcp¶ Xoc-t±i]mX aq¶v ssaÂ ]n¶n-Sp-t¼mÄ Bbn-cp¶p CXv. AkvI-tem³ ]{´v ssaÂ hS-¡mbn kap{Z Xoc¯v ØnXn sN¿p-¶p.

]ns¶bpw F«v ssaÂ hS-¡mbn AkvtZmZv ØnXn sN¿p-¶p. hopw hS¡v ]mX-tbm-c¯v DÄ\m-«n-embn Ft{Im³ ØnXn sN¿p-¶p. KmZv F¶ ]«Ww ka-X-e-¯nsâ a²y-¯n-embpw ØnXn sN¿p-¶p. sjt^e AYh Xmgzmcw s^enkvXym ka-X-e-¯nsâ Ing¡v sXm«-Sp-¯mbn InS-¡p-¶p. sjt^-e-bnse Im«-¯n-t]mse item-tam³ tIZm-cns\ kar-²-am¡n Fs¶mcp sNmÃpv. bYmÀ°¯nÂ CXnsâ Ncn-hp-IÄ \Sp-hn-es¯ ]oT-`q-an-bpsS sNdp-Ip-¶p-I-fm-Wv. Cu Ip¶p-IÄ KmZnÂ \n¶pw 500 ASn amdn XpS§n Ing-t¡m«v ]¯v ssaepw 1300 ASnbpw hym]n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. hopw Ing-t¡m«v 10 ssaÂ amdn 3,300 ASn Db-c-apÅ ]me-kvXo-\nse DbÀ¶ ]«-W-amb slt{_m³ ØnXn sN¿p-¶p. s^enkvXym ka-X-e-¯n\v hS-¡mbn imtcm³ ka-Xew InS-¡p-¶p. Cu imtcm³ ka-X-e-¯nsâ {][m\ Xpd-ap-Jhpw ]«-W-hp-amWv tbm¸. CXns\ DZm-l-cn-¨mWv D¯a KoX-¯nÂ aW-hm«n Xs¶ “imtcm-\nse ]\n-\oÀ ]pjv]w’ F¶v hnti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu {]tZiw kar-²amb sNSn-I-fpsS hfÀ¨bv¡v Imc-W-am-b-Xn-\mÂ Akm-am\y kuµ-cy-¯n\v IoÀ¯n tI«-XmWv “apÅp-I-fpsS CS-bnÂ Xmac’ F¶ t]mse Npäp-]m-Sp-IÄ Cu kuµcyw hmKvZm\w sN¿m-Xn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ imtcm³ at\m-l-c-ambn ]pjv]n-¡p-¶p.

2) a²y-a-e-\n-c-IÄ

tbip-hnsâ _mey-Im-e-¯n\pw, `qcn-`mK ]cky ip{iq-jbv¡pw ]Ým-¯-e-amb Keoe ae-\n-c-I-fnepw Xmgvhmc-§-fn-ep-amWv ]me-kvXosâ a²y-a-e-\n-c-IÄ XpS-§p-¶-Xv. tase Keo-e-bpsS ]ÀÆ-X§Ä 3000 ASn-bn-e-[nIw Db-c-¯nÂ ØnXn sN¿p-¶p, Xmsg Keo-e-bpsS \k-sd-¯nsâ apI-fn-embpw, sXfn-¨-apÅ Znhkw a²y-[-cWn ISÂ hS¡v ]Sn-ªm-dmbn ]Xn-t\gv ssaÂ ImW-¯¡ hn[hpw ØnXn sN¿p-¶p.

\k-td-¯n\v sX¡mbn `qan-bpsS Ncp-hp-IÄ hnim-e-amb F¡Â ka-X-e-¯n-te-¡n-d§n CW§n InS-¡p-¶p. CXv a²y-[-cWn IS-ensâ sX¡v Ing¡v Zni-bn-te¡pw IÀt½Â ]ÀÆ-X-¯n\v hS-¡mbn tbmÀ±m³ \Zn-h-scbpw \op-In-S-¡p-¶p. CXnsâ ]Sn-ªmsd `mKw Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶Xv Fkv{Um-bn-tem¬ ka-X-ew -F¶mWv.-In-g-t¡-`mKw ]gb Aán ]ÀÆ-X-§Ä AS-§nb tamdnb aebv¡pw Np®m-¼p-I-Ãp-IÄ \ndª KnÂt_mh ]ÀÆ-X-¯n\pw CS-bv¡pÅ P{koÂ Xmgvhc (Jezreel valley )bm-Wv. Cu cv ae-I-fp-sSbpw Ncp-hp-I-fn-emWv Xmgvhcsb A`n-ap-J-am¡n iuÂ cmPmhv acn-¡p-¶-Xn\v ap¼pÅ bp²-¯n\v s^en-kvXycpw bn{km-tbÂ a¡fpw IqSm-c-a-Sn-¨-Xv (1iap 31.1, 2iap 1.17,19,21)

Fkv{Um-bn-tem¬ ka-X-e-¯nsâ a²y-`m-K-¯nsâ sXt¡ Aä-¯mbn IÀt½Â ]Àh-X-¯nsâ Nph-«nÂ Hcp {][m\ `mK-¯mbn tIm« sI«nb saKntZm (Megiddo) ]«Ww ØnXn-sN-¿p-¶p. At\I \qäm-p-IÄ, sXt¡m«v ae-I-fn-eq-sS-bpÅ {][m\ ]mX-bpsS {]th-i-\-I-hm-S-ambn CXv kwc-£n-¡-s¸-«n-cp-¶p. ]Sn-ªmdv A`n-ap-J-am-bpÅ Ncn-hp-I-fnÂ ap´n-cn-t¯m-«-§-fmÂ \nd-b-s¸« F{^-bo-an-sâbpw a\-È-bp-sSbpw ae-\n-c-I-fmWv Fkv{Um-bn-tem¬ ka-X-e-¯nsâ sX¡mbn ImWp-¶-Xv. XpSÀ¶v hcp-¶Xv blqZm ae-I-fm-Wv.

ae-\n-c-I-fmÂ Npä-s¸« Hcp ae-bpsS apI-fnÂ BWv bcp-itew ØnXn-sN-¿p-¶Xv . ssZh-¯nsâ hnip²]ÀÆXw Dbcw sImv at\m-lcw F¶v k¦oÀ¯\w 48.1,2-þÂ ImWp-¶p. Int{Zm³ Xmgvhcbv¡v Ipdp-tI, sbcp-i-te-ansâ Ing¡v sXm«-Sp-¯mbn Henhv ae ØnXn sN¿p-¶p. CXnsâ apI-fnÂ \n¶pamWv. Xcniv `qan-bo-eqsS Ing-t¡m-«pÅ tdmUv t]mIp-¶-Xv. bcp-i-te-an-\pw, Nmhp-I-S-en\pw at²y-bpÅ Øe-amWv sblqZm acp-`q-an-bmbn Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. Cu {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ Fhn-sStbm BWv tbip-kv\m-\- -tijw D]-hm-k-¯nepw {]mÀ°-\-bnepw 40 Znhkw Nne-h-gn-¡p-Ibpw ]nim-Nn-\mÂ ]co-£n-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv.

3. tbmÀ±m³ Xmgvhc

Gjym ssa\-dnÂ \n¶pw 4,000 ssaÂ sN¦-SÂ hgn-bmbn Ingt¡ B{^n-¡-bpsS Xmgvhc XSm-I-§Ä ]sc \op InS-¡p¶ alm XmgvhcbpsS ( Great Rest valley)`m-K-amWv tbmÀ±m³ Xmgvhc hf-hp-IÄ Hgp-hm¡n Af-¶mÂ tbmÀ±m³ \Zn GI-tZiw 80 ssatemfw am{X-am-Wp-Å-Xv. CXv 9,000 ASn Db-c-¯nÂ se_-t\m³ ae-IÄ¡v FXnsc slÀt½m³ ]ÀÆ-X-¯nÂ \n¶pw DXv`hn¨v lpse (Huleh) XSmIw hgnbpw Xn_-cymkv XSmIw hgnbpw t\sc k©-cn¨v Nmhp-I-S-enÂ tNcp-¶p. “”lpse” bnÂ F¯p-t¼mÄ 23 ASn XmgvN-bn-epw, Xn_-cymkv XSm-I-¯nÂ F¯p-t¼mÄ 700 ASn XmgvN-bn-epw, `qan-bpsS D]-cn-X-e-¯nÂ 2500 ASn Bgw IW-¡m-¡nb Nmhp-I-S-enÂ ]Xn-¡p-t¼mÄ 1300 ASn XmgvN-bnepw F¯n-tN-cp-¶p.

Xn_-cymkv XSmIw kphn-ti-j-¯nÂ Nne-bn-S¯v In¶-sc¯v ISÂ ( Ks¶-sk-sc¯v ) F¶pw Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p-v, ]t£ s]mXpth CXns\ Keoem ISÂ F¶mWv hnfn-¡m-dv. 12-ssaÂ \ofhpw 7 ssaÂ hoXn-bp-apÅ Hcp-X-Sm-I-am-WnXv. CXv Bg-ap-ÅXv aÕy-¯mÂ \nd-ª-Xp-am-Wv. Cu XSmIw an¡-hmdpw ae-I-fmÂ Npä-s¸-«-Xm-sW-¦n-epw, hS¡v sX¡v Xoc-§Ä¡-cp-In-embn At\Iw {Kma-§fpw ØnXn-sN-¿p-¶p-v. Cu {Kma-§-fn-seÃmw tbip Xsâ kµÀi-\-th-f-bnÂ ]Tn-¸n-¡p-I-bpw, {]kw-Kn-¡p-I-bpw, kuJy-am-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-v. Xn_-cymkv XSm-c-I-¯nÂ \n¶pw sXt¡m«v hopw 65 ssaÂ Nmhp-I-S-en-te¡v Hgp-Ip-¶p-v. apgp ]me-kvXo³ Xmgz-cbpw ]g-b-\n-b-a-¯nÂ hnfn-¡-s¸-«n-cp-¶Xv Z Adm_m (The Arabah ) (AÀ°w “DW-§nb-b) F¶m-bn-cp-¶p. AXp-t]mse Nmhp-I-S-ens\ “Adm_m ISÂ’ AÀ°w ” D¸p-I-SÂ’ F¶p-amWv Adn-b-s¸-«p-cp-¶p. CXn\v 48 ssaÂ \of-am-Wp-Å-Xv.

hS¡v \n¶pw sX¡v hsc cmPys¯ kwt_m-[\ sN¿p--¶-Xn\ ]e `mjm ssien-Ifpw Dm-bn-cp-¶p. lam-¯nsâ {]th-i-\-¯nÂ \n¶pw Nmhp-I-SÂ hsc’ CXp-t]mse ]t£ Zm³ apXÂ t_Àti-_-hsc F¶p-Å-Xm-bn-cp¶p {]kn-²-amb ssien. bn{km-tbÂ Ingt¡ ]«-W-am-bn-cp¶p Zm³, At¸m-Ä Xs¶ kntbm³ acp-`q-an-bpsS Aä-¯mbn Gähpw sX¡mbn t_Àti_ ØnXn-sN-bvXn-cp-¶p.

F. ]pd-¸m-Spw, acp-`q-bm-{Xbpw (]pd 12.29, BhÀ 34.12)

tami-bpsS PohnXw 40 hÀjw hoXn-bpÅ aq¶v L«-§-fmbn Xncn-¡m³ Ignbpw. 40 hÀjw CuPn-]n-än-epw, 40 hÀjw anZym-\nepw 40 hÀjw acp-`q-an-bn-epw. ]pd-¸mSv ka-bs¯ ^tdm, cmwskkv cm-asâ aI\pw ]n³Km-an-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p. sas\-^-¯mlv ( ) Bbn-cp-¶p. 1491þ Â BWv. CuPn]vänsâ ASn-a-Xz-¯nÂ \n¶pÅ bn{km-tbÂ P\-¯nsâ ]pd-¸mSv kw`-hn-¨-Xv. XpSÀ¶v 40 hÀj-§Ä AhÀ acp-`q-bm-{X-bnÂ Bbn-cp-¶p. Ip«n-I-sfbpw aäpw IqSmsX Bdp-e£w ]pcp-j-·mÀ AS-§nb Hcp kaq-l-amWv bn{km-tbÂ P\-§Ä an{k-bo-anÂ \n¶v ]pd-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ Dm-bn.

1. CuPn-]vänÂ \n¶pw ko\mbv ae hsc

]pd-¸m-Sn-\pÅ Hcp¡w ( ]pd 12.29-þ36)

bn{km-tbÂ a¡Ä CuPn-]n-änse cmwtk-knÂ Bbn-cp-¶p. ]¯m-as¯ _m[ Dm-b-t¸mÄ tami-tbmSpw P\-t¯mSpw tZiw hn«p-t]m-Im³ ^tdm At]-£n-¨p. bn{k-m-tbÂ a¡Ä an{k-bo-ay-cpsS B`-c-W-§Ä, shÅn, s]m¶v F¶nh tNmZn¨p hm§n Ah-cpsS arK-§-fpw, I¶p-Imen ]ä-§-fp-ambn AhÀ cmwsk-knÂ \n¶pw kqt¡m-¯n-te¡v bm{X-bm-bn.

s]-klm Øm]\w (]pd 12.37-þ13.19)

]-¯m-as¯ _m[ Ab-bv¡p-¶-Xn\v ap¼v ssZhw bn{km-tb-en-t\mSv Iev]n-¨Xv C{]-Imcw Bbn-cp-¶p. \n§Ä Cutkm-¸nsâ Hcp sI«v Ipªm-Snsâ cà-¯nÂ ap¡n AXv \n§fpsS I«f Imen-t·epw Ipdpw¼Sn-taepw ]qiWw A§s\ sNbvXmÂ Cu càw ImWp¶ `h-\-§-fnÂ kwlm-c-I³ IS-¡msX AhnsS \n¶pw amdn-t¸m-Ipw.

Aán XqWp-Ifpw , taL-kvXw-`hpw (]p-d13.20-þ22)

AhÀ kqt¡m-¯nÂ \n¶pw GtYm-an-te¡v bm{X-sN-bvXp. ssZhw AhÀ¡v ap¼mbn ]IÂ taL-kvXw-`-¯nepw cm{Xn Aán kvXw`-¯nepw AhÀ¡v ap¼mbn s]mbvs¡m-n-cp-¶p. Cu ssZhnI km¶n-[yhpw, t\Xr-Xzhpw Ah-cpsS acp-`q-bm-{X-bnÂ XpSÀ¶n-cp-¶p.

CuPn-]väp-Im-cpsS ]n³ XpS-cp-hm³ (]pd 14.1-þ14)

Ahsc hn«-b-¨-Xn\v tijw hopw ^d-thmsâ lrZbw ITn-\-am-Ip-¶-Xn\v ap¼v hfsc kml-kn-I-ambn bn{km-tbÂ P\w X§-fpsS ASn-a-\mSv hn«n-cp-¶p. F¶mÂ 600 cY-§-fpw, IpXn-c-tN-h-I-cpw, ImemÄ¸SIfp-ambn ^d-thm³ bn{km-tbÂ P\s¯ ]n³Xp-SÀ¶p. ^d-thm\pw ssk\yhpw ]pdtI hcp-¶Xv Iv bn{km-tbÂ P\w t]Sn¨v tami-tbmSv ]cmXn ]d-ªp. F¶mÂ “`b-s¸-S-cpXv Dd¨v \nev]n³, btlmh C¶v \n§Ä¡v sNbvhm-\n-cn-¡p¶ c£ Ip-sImÄhn³’ F¶v tami adp-]Sn \evIn.

bn{km-tbÂ P\w sN¦-SÂ IS-¡p¶p (]pd 14.15-þ22)

bn{km-tbÂ P\w anKvtZm-en\pw IS-en\pw at²y ]ol-lo-tcm-¯n-\-cnsI ]mfbw Cd-§n. At¸mÄ btlmh tami-tbmSv ]d-ªXv \o Ft¶mSv \ne-hn-fn-¡p-¶-sX´v? apt¶m«v t]mIp-hm³ bn{km-tkÂ a¡-tfmSv ]d-I. hSn FSp¯v \nsâ ssI IS-enÂtaÂ \o«n AXns\ hn`m-Kn¡ bn{km-tbÂ a¡Ä IS-ensâ \Spsh DW-§nb \ne-¯p-IqSn IS-¶p-t]m-Ipw. btlmh ]d-ªXv tami A\p-k-cn¨p btlmh A¶v cm{Xn-ap-gp-h\pw Hcp henb Ing-¡³ Imäp-sImv IS-ens\ ]n³hm-§n-¨p. A\-´cw bn{km-tb-ey-cpsS ssk\y-¯n\v ap¼mbn \S¶ ssZh-Zq-X³ ]nd-InÂ h¶v bn{km-tbÂ P\-¯n-\pw, ^d-thmsâ ssk\y-¯n\pw at²y \n¶p A§s\ bn{km-tbÂ P\w DW-§nb \ne-¯p-IqSn ISÂ IS-¶p.

CuPn-]väp-Im-cpsS \miw (-]pd 14. 23-þ31).

CuPn-]väp-ImÀ bn{km-tbÂ P\s¯ ]n³Xp-SÀ¶p F¶mÂ ssZhw Ah-cpsS cY-N-{I-§sf sXän¨p Hm«w {]bm-k-am-¡n. ssZhw bn{km-tb-en-\p-thn bp²w sN¿p¶p F¶v an{k-bo-a-yÀ a\-Ên-em-¡n. shÅw hopw tbmPn-¡p-hm³ ssZhw hSn IS-en\v t\sc \o«p-hm³ tami-tbmSv ]d-ªp. A§s\ thÀ]n-cnª shÅw tbmPn-¡p-Ibpw an{k-bo-ayÀ \in-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

bn{km-tbÂ hnSp-X-en³ Km\w ]mSp¶p (]pd 15:1þ21)

an{k-bo-ay-cpsS \miw Iv, X¸p-I-tfm-Spw, \r¯-t¯mSpw tami-bp-tSbpw Al-tcm-tâbpw ktlm-Z-cn-bpw, {]hm-N-In-bp-amb ancymw FÃm kv{XoI-tfmSpw IqsS hnP-b-¯nsâ Km\w ]mSn ssZhs¯ kvXpXn-¨p.

amdm-bnse shÅw a[p-c-am-¡p¶p (]pd 15:22þ26)

tami bn{km-tb-ens\ Nmhp-I-S-enÂ \n¶pw iqÀ acp-`q-an-bn-te¡v {]bmWw sN¿n¨p aq¶v Znhkw shÅw In«msX P\w acp-`q-an-bnÂ he-ªp. AhÀ amd-bnÂ F¯n-b-t¸mÄ shffw Ip F¦nepw Ibv]v ImcWw AXv AhÀ¡v IpSn-¸m³ Ign-ªnÃ btlmh tamibv¡v Hcp hr£w ImWn¨p sImSp¯p AXv Ah³ sh«n shÅ-¯nÂ C«-t¸mÄ shÅw a[p-c-ambn XoÀ¶p. AXn\v tijw tami ssZh-¯nsâ Acp-f-¸mSv Adn-bn-¨Xv: \o \nsâ ssZh-amb btlm-h-bpsS hm¡v {i²-tbmsS tI«v A\p-k-cn¨v Ah\v {]km-Z-ap-ÅXv sNbvXmÂ, Ahsâ IÂ]-\-Isf A\p-k-cn-¨mÂ Rm³ an{k-bo-ayÀ¡v hcp-¯nb hym[n-I-fnÂ H¶pw \n\¡v hcp-¯p-I-bn-Ã.

bn{km-tbÂ Feo-anÂ (]pd 15:17)

A\-´cw AhÀ amdm-bnÂ \n¶pw ]pd-s¸«v Feo-anÂ F¯n AhnsS AhÀ ]{´v InW-dp-Ifpw Fgp-]Xv Cu´-¸-\-Ifpw Ip AhnsS ]mf-b-an-d-§n.

a¶ Zm\w sN¿Â (]pd 16:1þ22)

Feo-anÂ \n¶pw bm{X sNbvXv bn{km-tbÂ P\w io³ acp-`q-an-bnÂ F¯n. AhnsS h¨v AhÀ tami-tbmSv ]ndp-]n-dp¯p acp-`q-an-bnÂ ]«n-Wn-In-S¶v acn-¡p-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ an{k-tb-anÂ btlm-h-bpsS I¿mÂ acn-¨n-cp¶p F¦nÂ sImÅm-bn-cp¶p F¶v AhÀ ]d-ªp. A\-´cw ssZhw tami-tbmSv ]d-ªXv Rm³ BgvN-bnÂ Bdv Znhkw kzÀ¤-¯nÂ \n¶pw A¸w hÀjn-¸n¡pw Htcm Znh-khpw Ah-c-hÀ¡v Bh-iy-am-bXv tiJ-cn-¡Ww F¶mÂ Bdmw Znhkw tiJ-cn-¡p-¶Xv Hcp-¡p-t¼mÄ Ggmw Znh-k-t¯¡v IqSn-Im-Wpw. Cu A¸w “a¶m’ F¶v Adn-b-s¸«p a¶ atªmSv IqsS hÀjn-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw aªv amdp-t¼mÄ sNXp-¼Â cq]-¯nÂ `qan-bnÂ ImW-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXp IqSmsX AhÀ¡v Cd-¨n-¡mbn ssZhw ImS-sbbpw ]mf-b-¯n-te¡v Ab-¨p-sIm-Sp-¯p.

i_¯v (]pd 16:23þ36)

bn{km-tbÂ P\w Ggmw Znh-khpw a¶m s]dp-¡m³ t]mImsX Xsâ Iev]-\-I-fnepw, hgn-I-fnepw \S-¡ptam F¶-dn-bp-hm³ ssZhw Ggmw Znh-ks¯ i_-¯mbn bn{km-tbÂ P\-¯n\v \nb-an-¨p(-]pd 14:4) tami Al-tcm-t\mSv Hcp ]m{Xw FSp¯v CS-§gn a¶ -AXn\I-s¯-Sp¯v `mhn Xe-ap-dIÄ¡mbn kq£n¨p hbv¡p-hm³ ]d-ªp. btlmh tami-tbmSv Iev]n-¨Xp t]mse Al-tcm³ AXv km£y k¶n-[n-bnÂ kq£n-¨p.

tlmtc-_nse ]md ]nfÀ¡-s¸-Sp¶p (]pd 17:7)

ko³ acq-`q-an-bnÂ \n¶pw ssZhw Ahsc sc^n-Zo-an-te¡v \bn¨p ]t£ AhÀ¡v AhnsS shÅw In«m-¯-Xn-\mÂ tami-tbmSv ]ndp-]n-dp-¯p. tami ssZh-t¯mSv \ne-hn-fn¨p ssZhw tami-tbmSv Xsâ hSn FSp¯v ]mdsb ASn-¡m³ Iev]n-¨p. tami A§s\ sNbvX-t¸mÄ ]md-bnÂ \n¶v shÅw ]pd-s¸-«p.

Aam-te-¡p-am-bpÅ bn{km-tb-ensâ kwL-«\w (]pd 17:8þ16)

c^n-Zo-anÂ h¨v Aam-te¡v bn{km-tb-en\v i{Xp-¡-fmbn h¶p tami tbmip-h-tbmSv ssk\y-hp-ambn bp²-¯n\v t]mIm³ ]d-ªp. tami-bpw, Al-tcm-\pw, lqcpw Hcp Ip¶n³ apI-fn-te¡v t]mbn AhnsS tami Xsâ hSn DbÀ¯n ]nSn¨p tami ssI DbÀ¯n-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ bn{km-tbÂ Pbn¡pw, tami ssK Xmgv¯p-t¼mÄ Aam-te¡v Pbn¡pw, Bb-Xn-\mÂ Al-tcm\pw Hcp IÃv FSp¯v h¨v Ahs\ Xpcp-¯n, AhÀ cv t]cpw Ahsâ ssI cp hi¯p \n¶p-ambn kqcy³ AkvX-an-¡p-¶Xv hscbpw DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn-¨p. A§s\ Aam-te-IyÀ ]cm-P-b-s¸-«p. Cu hnP-b-¯nsâ HmÀ½-bv¡mbn tami Hcp bmK-]oTw ]WnXv “btlmh \nÊn’ F¶v t]cn-«p.

bnt{Xm-bpsS kµÀi\w (]pd 18:1þ27)

bn{km-tb-en\v thn btlmh sNbvX-sXÃmw anZym-\nse ]ptcm-ln-X-\mb bnt{Xm tI«n«v tlmtc-_n-te¡v tamisb kµÀin-¡p-hm-s\¯n kw`-hn-¨-sXÃmw tI«n«v bnt{Xm btlm-hbv¡v tlma-bm-K-hpw, l\-\-bm-Khpw Ign-¨p. AXn\p tijw Al-tcm-\pw, bn{km-tbÂ aq¸-·mcpw Hcp-an¨v h¶v ssZh-k-¶n-[n-bnÂ `£Ww Ign-¨p. tami P\-¯n\v \ymbw hn[n-¡p-hm³ Ccn-¡p-¶Xv Iv tami-bpsS tPmen `mcw F¶v Adnªv Bbncw t]À¡pw, \qdp-t]À¡pw, A³¼Xv t]À¡pw, ]¯p-t]À¡pw A[n-]-Xn-Isf Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-hm\pw AhÀ¡v A[nIw {]bm-k-apÅ Imcy-§sf tami-tbmSv XoÀ¡p-hm\pw D]-tZ-in¨p. tami A§s\ sNbvXp bnt{Xm Xsâ tZi-t¯¡v XncnsI t]mbn.

ko\mbv ae apXÂ ImtZ-iv _Àt¶b hsc

\nb-a-¯n\v thn-bpÅ Hcp¡w (]pd 19:1þ20)

c^n-Zn-anÂ \n¶pw bn{km-tbÂ P\w ko\mbv acp-`q-an-bn-se-¯n. Ch-cpsS h¨v btlmh Acp-fn-sN-bvXp, \n§Ä Fsâ hN\w A\p-k-cn-¨mÂ, Ahsâ DS-¼Sn ]men-¨mÂ ]ptcm-lnX cmPy-ambn Xocp-sa¶v. CXv P\w AwKo-I-cn-¨p. aq¶mw Znhkw ssZhw taL-¯nÂ ko\mbv ae-bnÂ {]Xy-£-s¸Smw F¶ hmKvZm-\-t¯m-sS, cv Znhkw P\s¯ ip²o-I-cn-¸m³ tami-tbmSv Iev]n-¨p. P\w ]ÀÆ-X-¯nÂ Ib-dm-sXbpw AXnsâ ASn-hmcw sXmSm-sXbpw Ccn-¸m³ Xo AXn\v Npäpw AXnÀ XoÀ¡Ww F¶v btlmh tami-tbmSv Iev]n-¨p. sXmSp-¶-h³ FÃmw acn-¡Ww F¶m-bn-cp¶p in£. aq¶mw Znhkw t\cw shfp-¯-t¸mÄ CSn-ap-g-¡hpw an¶epw ]ÀÆ-X-¯nÂ ImÀta-Lhpw alm-Kw-`o-c-amb Imlf [z\nbpw Dmbn P\w ]ÀÆ-X-¯nsâ ASn-hm-c¯p \n¶p tami ]ÀÆ-X-¯n\v apI-fn-te¡v Ib-dn-t¸m-bn.

tami Iev]\ kzoI-cn-¡p¶p (]pd 21-þ34.35)

Npcp-¡-¯nÂ aq¶v Xc-¯nÂ Iev]-\-IÄ \evIp-¶-Xmbn ImWp-hm³ Ign-bpw.

1) hmsamgn þ b-lq-Z\pw blq-Z\pw X½n-epÅ _Ôs¯ ¡pdn¨pw aq¶v DÕ-h-§sf kw_-Ôn¨pw I\m³ Iog-S-t¡ \nb-a-§sf ¡pdn¨pw aäpw ssZh-¯nâbnÂ \nh¶pw tami AZyw ae-bnÂ t]mb-t¸mÄ ]¯v Iev]-\-Ifpw aäp-ambn kzoI-cn-¨p. tami ]ÀÆ-X-¯nÂ \n¶pw Cd§n h¶v Cu Imcy§Ä P\-t¯mSv ]¦p-h-¨-t¸mÄ ” btlmh Acp-fn-sNbvX kIe Imcy-§fpw R§Ä sN¿pw’ F¶v GI-kz-c-¯nÂ AhÀ ]d-ªp.

2)- B-Zys¯ Iev]-\-IÄ

tami cm-aXpw ]ÀÆ-X-¯n\p apI-fnÂ Ib-dn-sN¶v cv Iev]-e-I-fn-embn ssZh-¯nsâ hnc-en-\mÂ Fgp-X-s¸« ]¯v Iev]-\-Ifpw AtXm-Sp-IqsS kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-¯nsâ ]Wn-sb-¡p-dn-¨pw, ]ucu-ln-Xy-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pw, bmKmÀ¸-Ws¯ ¡pdn¨pw aäp-apÅ Nne \nb-a-§fpw kzoI-cn-¨p. 40 ]Iepw 40 cm{Xnbpw tami ]ÀÆ-X-¯nÂ Bbn-cp-¶-t¸mÄ tami acn¨p F¶-hÀ Nn´n-¨p., Al-tcmsâ km¶n-[y-¯nÂ Ah-cpsS B`-c-W-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn¨v Hcp Imf-Ip-«nsb Dm¡n AhÀ \a-kv¡-cn-¨p. tami ]ÀÆ-X-¯nÂ \n¶n-d§n h¶-t¸mÄ Bc-hmcw tI« ImcWw Xnc-¡n, Xsâ tIm]-¯nÂ B Iev]-\-IÄ Fdnªv DS-¨p.

3)- c-m-as¯ Iev]-\-IÄ

tami P\s¯ Ah-cpsS ]m]-s¯-¡p-dn¨v imkn-¨v, P\-¯n\v thn a²y-ØX sNbvX-t¸mÄ t\c-s¯-t¸msX Iev]-\-IÄ Dm¡n ae-bnÂ Ib-dn-sN-Ãp-hm³ ssZhw tami-tbmSv Iev]n-¨p. ssZhw hopw Cu ]pXnb Iev]-\-I-fnÂ Xsâ \nbaw Fgp-Xn. Cu ka-b¯v tami 40 cmhpw 40 ]Iepw H¶pw Xn¶msXbpw IpSn-¡m-sXbpw ]ÀÆ-X-¯nÂ Bbncp-¶p. XncnsI h¶-t¸mÄ Ahsâ apJw AXy-[nIw tim`n-¨p.

kam-K-a\ IqSm-c-¯nsâ ]Wn (]pd 35.4-þ40)

tami ]ÀÆ-X-¯nÂ Bbn-cp-¶-t¸mÄ kam-K-a\ IqSm-c-¯nsâ \nÀ½n-Xnsb ¡pdn¨pw ssZhoI Bcm-[-\-sb-¡p-dnÅ Imcy-§Ä btlm-h-bnÂ \n¶pw e`n-¨n-cp-¶p. CXnsâ ]Wn-sb-¡p-dn¨v \nÀt±iw e`n¨ tami B ZuXy-¯n-\mbn thKw Hcp-§n. hnhn[ Xcw XpWn-IÄ, tXmÂ, s]m¶v, shÅn, sN¼ ,v F® apX-emb kzta[ Zm\-§-fmbn tiJ-cn-¨p. sblqZm tKm{X-¯nse hk-teÂ Bbn-cp¶p kam-Ka\ IqSm-c-¯nsâ ]Wn sNbvX-Xv. Zm³ tKm{X-¯nse Htlm-en-bm_v _k-te-ens\ ]Wn-bÂ klm-bn-¨p. Al-tcm³ Xsâ a¡-fmb \mZm-_v, A_o-lq, Gse-bm-kÀ, CuYm-amÀ F¶n-h-cpsS kl-I-c-W-t¯msS alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-\mbn ]ptcm-lnX ip{iq-j-sN-bvXp.

\mZm-_n-tâbpw A_o-lq-hn-tâbpw \miw (tehy 10.1-þ7)

Al-tcmsâ ]p{X-·m-cmb \mZm_pw A_o-lqhpw Hmtcm [q]-I-eiw FSp¯p AXnÂ Xo C«p. AXn-t·Â [q]-hÀ¤w C«p C§s\ X§-tfmSv Iev]n-¨-X-Ãm¯ A\ymán btlm-h-bpsS k¶n-[n-bnÂ sImp-h-¶p. DSs\ btlm-h-bpsS k¶n-[n-bnÂ \n¶v Xo ]pd-s¸«v Ahsc Zln-¸n¨p If-ªp. AhÀ btlm-hbpsS k¶n-[n-bnÂ acn-¨p-t]m-bn.

bn{km-tbÂ P\-¯nsâ IW-s¡-Sp-¸v (kwJym 1.1-þ2.34)

AhÀ ko\mbv acp-`q-an-bnÂ Bbn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ Xs¶ Ccp-]Xv hb-Ên\v apI-fn-tem-«pÅ FÃm ]pcp-j-·m-cp-sSbpw IW-s¡-Sp-¡p-hm³ btlmh tami-tbmSv Iev]n-¨p. ]{´v tKm{X-¯nse Xe-h-·mÀ CXn\v tamisb klm-bn-¨p. tehn tKm{Xs¯ Hgn-hm¡n Bbp[w [cn-¡p-hm³ tbmKy-cmb ]pcp-j-·mÀ F®-s¸-«Xv BsI Bdp-e-£¯n aqhm-bn-c¯n Aªp-ä-¼Xv Bbn-cp-¶p. Ing¡v blo-Zm,-bn-Êm-JmÀ, sk_p-eq³, sX¡v cqt_³ ina-tbm³, KmZv, ]Sn-ªmdv F{^-bnw, a\sÈ s_©-an³, hS¡v Zm³ BtÈÀ, \^vXmen F¶o {Ia-¯nÂ kam-K-a\ IqSm-c-¯n\v Npäpw ]mf-b-an-d-§p-hm³ ssZhw tamibv¡v Iev]\ \evIn.

ImtZiv _Àt¶-b-bn-te-¡pÅ {]bmWw (kwJy 10.11-þ12.16)

bn{km-tbÂ P\w ko\m-bnÂ \n¶pw ImtZiv _À¶-bn-te¡v bm{X-bm-bn. hgn-at²y \S¶ kw`-h-§-fpsS Npcp¡ hnh-cWw Xmsg tNÀ¡p-¶p.

ko\m-bnÂ \n¶pw ]pd-s¸-«v, taLw ]mcm-\nÂ h¶p \n¶p. ChnsS h¨v tami Xsâ A½mbnb¸-\mb s]Yp-thÂ F¶ anZymsâ aI-\mb tlm_m-_n-t\mSv bn{km-tb-Â ssk\y-t¯mSv tNcm³ ]d-sª-¦nepw Ah³ \nc-kn-¨p.(-kwJym 10.29,30) Xt_-c-bnÂ h¨v P\w ]ndp-]n-dp¯p Bb-Xn-\mÂ btlm-hbv¡v tIm]w Pzen¨p btlm-h-bpsS Xo Ah-cpsS CS-bnÂ I¯n ]mf-b-¯nsâ Aä-§-fn-em-bpÅhsc Zln-¸n¨p If-ªp. P\w tami-tbmSv \ne-hn-fn¨p tami btlm-h-tbmSv {]mÀ°n¨p Xo sI«p-t]m-bn.

bn{km-tbÂ P\w Zpcm-{K-ln-I-fmbn CuPn-]vänse ]¨-¡-dn-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw, aÕyw, Cd¨n F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn¨pw Ct¸mÄ e`y-am-Ip¶ a¶-sb-¡p-dn¨pw tami-tbmSv ]cmXn ]d-ªp. P\-¯nsâ ]ndp-]n-dp¸v tI«v tami btlm-h-tbmSv Cu P\-¯nsâ `mcw hep-Xm-Ip¶p F¶pw Xm³ FhnsS \n¶v Cu P\-¯n\v Cd¨n sImSp¡pw F¶pw tNmZn¨p Xs¶ sIm¶p-I-f-tbWw F¶v ]d-ªp.

btlmh tami-tbmSv 70 ]pcp-j-·msc kam-K-a-\-Iq-Sm-c-¯nsâ AcnsI sImp-h-cp-hm³ ]d-ªp. Ah-cpsS taÂ tami-bpsS Bßm-hnsâ Ipsd ]Icpw. BI-bmÂ AhÀ \nt¶m-Sp-IqsS P\-¯nsâ `mcw hln¡pw F¶v ]d-ªp.( kwJy 11.4-þ25)

A\-´cw btlmh Ab¨ Hcp Imäv CuXn IS-enÂ \n¶v ImSsb sImp-h¶p Ah \ne¯p \n¶pw GI-tZiw cv apgw AIse ]d¶p \n¶p. Cu ImS-Isf A\-h[n ]nSn¨p Iq«n-b-t¸mÄ btlm-h-bpsS tIm]w Pzen-¨p. Hcp _m[ Ah-cvU¡v X«n At\-IÀ AhnsS acn-¨p. (kwJy 11.31-þ36)

tami Hcp Iqiy-kv{Xosb hnhmlw Ign-¨-Xn-\mÂ Al-tcm\pw ancymapw tami-bvs¡-Xnsc ]ndp-]n-dp-¯p. GXn-\mÂ ancym-an\v IpjvTw ]nSn¨p. Al-tcmsâ ]Ým-¯m]w \nan¯w tami btlm-h-tbmSv AhÄ¡v thn At]-£n-¨p. Ahsf hopw AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶Xv hsc AhÄ 7 Znhkw ]mf-b-¯n\v ]pd¯v ]mÀ¯p (kwJy 12.1-þ6)

ImtZiv _Àt¶b apXÂ s\t_m hsc

HäpImÀ Ab-bv¡-s¸-Sp¶p (13.1-þ33)

P\w ImtZiv s_Àt¶-b-bnÂ F¯n. AhnsS \n¶pw btlm-h-bpsS Acp-f-¸m-Sp-t]mse Hmtcm tKm{X-¯nÂ \n¶pw Hmtcm {]`p-¡-·msc I\m³ tZiw Häp-t\m-¡p-hm³ Ab-bv¡p-hm³ Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-hm³ Iev]n-¨p. Cu Xe-h-·mÀ sX¡v \n¶pw hS¡v hsc tim[-\-sNbvXp FkvtIm-ense ap´n-cn-¡p-e-bpw, amX-f-¸-g-hpw, A¯n¸ghpambn 40 Znhkw Ignªv aS§n h¶p. aäp-Å-hÀ FÃmw tZi-¯nsâ ^e-Zm-bI Ah-Ø-sb- ]än ]pIgv¯n ]d-sª-¦nepw tZis¯ Iog-S-¡p-hm³ AhÀ¡v Ign-bptam F¶ `bw tXm¶n F¶mÂ tbmip-hmbpw Imte_pw B tZis¯ Iog-St¡Xm-Ip¶p F¶ Bibw apt¶m«v h¨p.

bn{km-tb-ensâ Ahn-izmkw (kwJy 14.1-þ45)

CXp-tI-«-t¸mÄ FÃm-hcpw tamibv¡pw Al-tcm\pw FXn-cmbn ]ndp-]n-dp-¯p. ap{kbnw tZi¯v h¨v R§Ä acn¨p t]msb-¦nÂ sImÅm-bn-cp-¶p.. AsÃ-¦nÂ Cu acp-`q-an-bnÂ h¨v R§Ä acn¨p t]msb-¦nÂ sImÅm-bn-cp-¶p F¶v ]d-ªp. F¶mÂ CXv tI«-t¸mÄ tbmip-hbpw Imte_pw hkv{Xw Iodn btlm-h-bpsS t\sc Ielw Dm-¡m-Xn-cn-¸m\pw B tZis¯ P\s¯ t]Sn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m\pw Ah-tcm-Sm-h-iy-s¸-«p. F¶msd Ahsc IsÃ-dn-bWw F¶v k`-sbÃmw ]d-ªp. At¸mÄ btlmh tami-tbm-Sv, Rm³ Ahsc alm amcn-bmÂ ZWvUn-¸n¨p kwl-cn-¨p-I-fbpw \ns¶ Ah-sc-¡mÄ hep-¸hpw _e-hp-apÅ PmXn-bm¡pw F¶v ]d-ªp. tami a²y-ØX hln-¨-Xn-\mÂ ssZhw Ah-cpsS Ipd-hp-IÄ £an¨p ]t£ ]ndp-]n-dp-¡p¶ Bcpw hmKvZ¯ \m«nÂ {]th-dn-¡-bnÃ F¶v ]d-ªp.

tImclv, ZmYm³, A_ocmw F¶n-h-cpsS \miw (kw-Jy16.1-þ50)

tImclv, ZmYm³, A_ocmw F¶n-h-À tami-tbmSpw Al-tcm-t\mSpw {Iq²n-¨p. tami Ah-cpsS hmZ-K-Xnsb Hcp ]co-£-W-¯n\v hnt[-b-am-¡n. ssZhw tami-tbmSv Ie-l-¡msc aäp-Å-h-cnÂ \n¶pw thÀXn-cn-¡m³ Bh-iy-s¸-«p. `qan hmbv ]nfÀ¶v tImc-ln-t\mSv tNÀ¶n-«p-ff kI-e-tc-bpw, Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_-§-tfbpw kÀÆ k¼-¯n-t\bpw hngp§n If-ªp.

ko³ acp-`qan (kwJy 20.1)

ancymw ChnsS h¨v acn-¡p-Ibpw ih-a-S-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

G-tZm-a-bÀ bn{km-tb-en\v hgn \ntcm-[n-¡p-¶p.(-kwJy 20.14-þ22)

ImtZ-inÂ \n¶pw GtZmw hgn-bmbn t]mIp-hm³ tami ZqX-·msc hn«v GtZmay cmPm-hn-t\mSv A\p-hmZw tNmZn-¸n-¨p. ]t£ GtZmw cmPmhv AXv \nc-kn-¨p. Bb-Xn-\mÂ bn{km-tbÂ P\w tlmÀ ]ÀÆ-X-¯n-te¡v bm{X-sN-bvXp.

Al–tcmsâ ac-Ww (-kwJy 20.23-þ29)

btlm-h-bpsS Iev]\ {]Imcw tami Al-tcms\ Xsâ aI³ Ge-bm-k-dn-s\m¸w tlmÀ ]ÀÆ-X-¯n-\v apI-fn-te¡v sImp-t]m-bn. kÀÆ-k-`bpw ImsI tami Al-tcmsâ ]ptcm-lnX hkv{Xw Ducn Ge-bm-k-dns\ [cn-¸n-¨p. AhnsS Altcm³ acn-¨p.

I\m-\y-cpsS taepÅ Pbw(-kwJy 21.1-þ3)

A-tam-\y-cpsS ]cm-Pbw(-kwJy 21.21-þ32)

_m-im³ cmPm-hmb HmKnsâ ]cm-P-bw(-kwJy 21.33-þ35)

tam-hm_y cmPm-hmb _mem-¡nsâ FXnÀ¸v(-kwJy 22.1-þ24.25)

A-[mÀ½nI ]c-hpw, hn{K-lm-cm-[\ ]c-hp-amb bn{km-tbÂ P\-¯nsâ

Atam-\ycpw anZym-\y-cp-am-bpÅ _Ôw(-kwJy 25.1-þ18)

tbm-ip-h-bpsS hnfn.(-kwJy 27.15-þ23)

I\m³ tZi-t¯¡v {]th-in-¡p-hm-\pÅ Hcp¡w (-kwJy 28.1-þ-B-hÀ 33.29)

tam-i-bpsS ZÀÈ-\hpw ac-Whpw (BhÀ 34. 1þ8)