apJhpc 

       ]pXnb \nb-a-¯n {]hr¯nI-fpsS ]pkvXIw Hcp D¶X kYm\w Ae-¦-cn-¡p-¶p, am{X-aà BZna k`bv¡v CXv AXp-ey-amb tkh\w \evIn-bn-«p-ap-­v.  Xntbm-^n-temkv F¶ Hcp hyàn-¡mWv CXv Fgp-Xp-¶-Xv.  At±-ls¯¡pdn¨v \ap¡v asäm¶pw Adn-bnsÃ-¦nepw, eqt¡m-knsâ kphn-ti-j-¯n \n¶pw tbip-{In-kvXp-hnsâ Pohn-X-s¯-¡p-dn¨v \à Adnhv {]m]n¨ Hcm-fmWv Ct±-l-sa¶v a\-Ên-em-¡m-hp-¶-XmWv (eqt¡m 1:4) kphn-ti-j-§Ä¡v tijhpw teJ-\-§Ä¡v ap³]p-amWv ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-¯n CXnsâ Øm\w. 

       ]pXnb \nba ]pkvX-I-§-fn h¨v AXp-ey-amWv At¸m-kvtXm-e-·m-cpsS {]hr¯nIÄ kphn-ti-j-§Ä tbip-hnsâ Poh-N-cn-{X-¯nsâ \mep hnh-c-W-§-fmWv \evIp-¶-Xv.  F¶m At¸m-kvtXme {]hr¯nIÄ k`-bpsS Bcw-`hpw AXnsâ {]mcw-`-Ime hfÀ¨bpw kw_-Ôn¨ GI hnh-c-W-amWv  Xcp-¶-Xv.  kphn-ti-j-§-fn tKmX-¼p-aWn  \ne¯v hoWv NmIp-¶Xv \mw ImWp-¶p.  F¶m At¸m-kvtXme {]hr¯nbn AXv hfÀ¶v hfsc ^ew ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p-¶-XmWv.  \mw ImWp-¶Xv (tbml 12:24)  ‘FÃm Ime¯pw {][m-\-s¸-«Xpw, kzm[o-\-]-c-hp-amb ]pkvX-I-§n H¶v’F¶mWv {]hr¯nIfpsS ]pkvXIw Adn-bs¸-Sp-¶-Xv.   

        BZna k`m {]hr¯nI-fpsS {Xkn-¸n-¡p¶ IY-bmWv CXnse DÅ-S-¡w.  {InkvXym-\nXz¯nsâ {]mcw-`-Zn-\-§-fpsS Ncn-{X-kw-`-h-§-fmWv CXn AS-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.  Cu ]pkvX-Is¯ ‘]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hnsâ {]hr¯nIÄ’ Ft¶m  Nne At¸m-kvtXm-e-·m-cpsS Nne {]hr¯nIÄ Ft¶m hnfn-¡-s¸-«n-cp-¶p-sh-¦n Hcp ]t£ \¶m-bn-cp¶p F¶p \nÀt±in-¡p-¶hcpw D­v.  CsXmcp k¼qÀ® IY-bÃ.  F¶n-cp-¶mepw k`-bpsS ZqXv F´v F¶v hyà-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn\v BZna k`-sb-¡p-dn¨v Hcp Nmcn-{XnI cq]-tcJ \ap¡v \evIp-¶-Xn\v CXv [mcmfw aXn-bm-Ipw.  Cu B[p-\nI bpK-¯n  \½psS  kwL-S-\bv¡pw {InkvXob {]hr¯\-§Ä¡pw \ap¡v amÀ¤-ZÀi\w \evIp¶ [mcmfw ASn-Øm\ X¯z-§Ä CXv {]Zm\w sN¿p¶p. 

       Cu ]pkvI-¯nsâ Fgp-¯p-Im-c³       

       At¸m-kvtXme {]hr¯nbn Hcp Fgp-¯p-Im-c-s\bpw {]tXyIw FSp¯p ]d-bp-¶nÃ. F¦nepw eqt¡mkv BWv CsX-Sp-¯n-bsX¶v s]mXpsh AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.  eqt¡m-knsâ kphn-tijw Fgp-Xnb sshZy-\mb eqt¡mkv BWv {]hr¯nI-fpsS ]pkvXIw Fgp-Xp-¶-Xn\pw Xnc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸« hyàn.  H¶m-as¯ Ncn{Xw F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xn-eqsS At±lw CXn-s\-¡p-dn¨v  ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶p.

 eqt¡mkv \evIp¶ hnh-c-§Ä hne-s¸-«-h-bm-Wv.  At¸m-kvtXm-e-\mb ]utemkv tdma³ ImcmKrl¯n-em-bn-cn-¡p¶ ka-b-¯mWv eqt¡mkv CsX-gp-Xp-¶-Xv.  sXfn-hp-IÄ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. s]´-t¡mkvXv Zn\-¯n k¶n-ln-X-cm-bn-cp¶ FÃm-hcpw Poh-t\m-Sn-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶pw Cu hnh-cWw Fgp-Xp-¶-Xn\v eqt¡m-kn\v Xtâ-Xmb Zn\hr¯m´ ]pkvXIw D­m-bn-cp¶p sh¶p-am-Wv.  ]pkvI-¯nsâ A´y-¯n-tebv¡v hcp-t¼mÄ eqt¡m-kn\v ]ns¶bpw Fgp-Xp-hm³ Xmev]-cy-ap-­m-bn-cp¶p sh¶v \ap¡v a\-Ên-em-¡p-hm³ Ign-bpw.  F¶m eqt¡m-knsâ  Xqen-Ibv¡v ]n¶n ]cn-ip-²m-ßn-hnsâ  BÝ-cy-I-c-amb \S-¯n¸v D­m-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶pw ]cn-ip-²m-ßmhmWv Cu ]pkvX-Is¯ ChnsS Ah-km-\n-¸n-¨sX¶pw \ap¡v ImWm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

 Fgp-Xnb Imew 

       F.-Un.65-þse ]utem-knsâ tdmanse BZy-Ime ip{iq-j-tbm-sSbmWv At¸mkvtXme {]hr¯n Ah-km-\n-¸n-¡p-¶Xv.  AXp-sIm­v A.D 65-þtem CsX-gp-Xn-b-sX¶v hniz-kn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. 

Cu ]pkvXIw BÀ¡v FgpXn?      

       eqt¡mkv Xsâ kphn-ti-jhpw At¸m-kvtXme {]hr¯nIfpw Xntbm-^n-temkv F¶ HcmÄ¡p-th-­n-bm-Wv.  Fgp-Xn-bXv (eqt¡m 1:3; A.-{]. 1:1). Xntbm-^n-temkv Bcm-sW¶v \ap¡v Duln-¡p-hm³ am{Xta Ign-bp-I-bp-Åq.  eqt¡mkv 1:3 At±-ls¯ hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv.  ‘ioam-\mb Xntbm-^n-temkv” F¶mWv tdma³ Kh¬saân D¶X DtZymKw hln-¨n-cp¶ Hcp hyàn-bm-bn-cn¡mw At±-lw. 

Dt±iw 

1. tbip {InkvXp-hnsâ  DbÀs¯-gp-t¶-ev]n\pw kzÀ¤m-tcm-l-W-¯n\p tijw Ahsâ injy-·mÀ¡pw At¸m-kvtXm-e-·mÀ¡pw F´p kw`-hn¨p F¶-Xns\¡pdn¨v Xntbm-^n-tem-kn-t\mSv ]d-bp-¶-Xn-\mWv eqt¡mkv CsX-gp-Xn-b-Xv.

 2. hniz-kn-¡m¯ blq-Z-·m-cmWv {InkvXym-\n-Xz¯nsâ  bYmÀ° ]oVIÀ F¶v sXfn-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mWv eqt¡mkv CsX-gp-Xn-b-Xv.

 3. Ir]mbp-K-¯n ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hnsâ  {]hr¯nsbbpw almZuXy¯n At¸m-kvtXm-e-·mcpw aäp-Å-hcpw F{]-Imcw {]hÀ¯n¨p F¶pw sXfn-bn¡p-¶-Xn\p th­n-bmWv eqt¡mkv CsX-gp-Xn-b-Xv.

 A²ymbw þ 1

k` P·-sa-Sp-¡p¶p

At¸m.-{].1,2 

       eqt¡mknsâ H¶m-as¯ Ncn{Xw (eq-t¡mkv FgpXnb kphn-tijw) ap³]v Xs¶ Xntbm-^n-tem-kn\v  FgpXn Ab-¨n-«p-­m-bn-cp-¶p.  CXn tbip-{In-kvXp-hnsâ Pohn-X-s¯bpw ip{iq-j-sbbpw ¡pdn-¨pÅ hnh-c-W-am-Wp-Å-Xv.  tbip-{In-kvXp-hn\v ap³s]-bpÅ {InkvXym-\n-Xz-¯nsâ Bcw-`-s¯-¡p-dn¨v eqt¡mkv {]Xn-]m-Zn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.  A§s\ ]d-bp-hm³ ImcWw tbip-hnsâ P·-Ø-e-t¯m-SpÅ _Ô-¯n eqt¡m-kv, tbml-¶msâ P\-\hpw IqSn tNÀ¯p sIm­mWv Xsâ kphn-tijw Bcw-`n-¡p-¶-Xv.  tbip{InkvXp-hnsâ Ip«n¡me-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Hcp sNdnb hnh-c-W-¯n-\p-tijw eqt¡mkv {i² tI{µoIcn¡p-¶Xv  tbip-hnsâ AZv`pX {]hr¯nI-fnepw, ]c-ky-ip-{iq-j-bn-epÅ Ahsâ D]-tZi§-fn-ep-am-Wv.  eqt¡m-knsâ  kphn-tijw ]cy-h-km-\n-¡p-¶Xv.  tbip-hnsâ {Iqio-I-c-W-s¯bpw ]p\-cp-²m-\-s¯bpw- ¡pdn-¨pÅ hyà-ambn hnh-c-W-t¯m-sSbpw kzÀ¤m-tcm-l-Ws¯¡pdn-¨pÅ Hcp sNdnb {]kvXm-h-\-tbmsSbpam-Wv.

        Cu apgp-h³ hnh-c-Whpw IqSn At¸m.-{].1:1-þ kw{K-ln-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv C{]-Im-c-am-Wv. tbip sNbvXXpw D]-tZ-in¨pw XpS§n-bXv.”  AXv AÀ°-am-¡p-¶Xv tbip Xsâ kzÀ¤m-tcm-lWw apX Xsâ injy-·m-tcmSv sN¿phm³ ]dª Imcy-§fpw ]cn-ip-²m-ßmhv Ahsc iào-I-cn¨v IÀ¯m-hnsâ Cu Dt±iyw \nd-th-d-s¸-Sp-¶-Xp-amb kwK-Xn-I-fmWv Cu c­m-as¯ Ncn-{X-¯n AS-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv F¶m-Wv.

 1. injy-·mÀ¡pÅ Ah-km\ \nÀt±iw (1:3-

 (a)   At\I ZrjvSm´-§-fpsS Ah-X-cWw (1:3)

 kphn-tij§fn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-Å-Xp-t]mse {InkvXp DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶äv

kzÀ¤m-tcm-lWw sN¿p¶Xn\p ap³]mbn At\Iw hnizm-kn-IÄ¡v {]Xy-£-\m-bn-«p-­v.  Cu kµÀ`-§-fn-seÃmw tbip Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn-¡p-I-bpw, Ah-tcm-sSm¸w `£n-¡p-I-bpw, XâF apdn-hp-IÄ Ahsc ImWn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-­v.  (eqt¡m 24:13-þ43)

 (b) ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hns\¡pdn-¨pÅ hmKvZ¯w (1:4,5)

               Cu hmKvZ¯w \nd-th-d-s¸-tS­Xn\mbn AhÀ sbcp-i-te-an Im¯n-cn-t¡-W-sa¶v tbip ]d-bp¶p (b-YmÀ°-¯n CXv \nd-th-dn-bXv ]¯v Znh-k-§Ä¡p tij-am-Wv)

      b. cmPys¯¡p-dn-¨pÅ {]iv\w (BZn-a-k-`-bpsS iàn-bpsS clkyw (1:6þ8)

Xsâ cmPy-s¯-¡p-dn¨v tbip Xsâ injy-·msc D]-tZ-in¨n-cp-s¶-¦nepw, cmPy-s¯-¡pdn¨pÅ Hcp LSIw Ahsc {]bm-k-s¸-Sp-¯n.  \o bn{km-tb-en\v Cu Ime-¯ntem cmPyw bYm-Øm-\-¯m¡n sImSp-¡p-¶Xv ?  ChnsS X§sf `mc-ta-ev]n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ alm-Zu-Xy-¯nsâ D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-s¯-¡p-dn¨v tbip Ahsc t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯n.  Cu _rl¯mb kml-kn

-I-Xbv¡v DZyp-à-cm-Ip-¶-Xn\p ap³]v,  AhÀ km£n-I-fm-Ip-¶-Xn\p ap³]v ssZhoI \ntbmKw {]m]n-¡-W-sa¶v Ah³ Ah-tcmSv ]d-ªp.

 2. {InkvXp-hnsâ kzÀ¤m-tcm-lWw (1:9-þ11)

        kzÀ¤m-tcm-l-W-¯n\p ap³]pÅ \mev]Xp Znh-k-§-fn-seÃmw Xs¶ tbip Xsâ injy-·mÀ¡v IqsS-IqsS {]Xy-£-s¸-«p-sIm-­n-cp-¶p.  F¶m Ct¸mÄ AXn\v Hcp hyXymkw h¶n-cn-¡p-¶p.  Henhp ae-bn-ep-­m-bn-cp¶ sNdp-kw-Ls¯ tbip tbmÀ±m\v Ing¡v sIt{Zm³ Xmgvhcbv¡v FXn-sc-bpÅ _Ym-\y-tbmfw Iq«n-s¡m­v sN¶p. (eqt¡m 24:50) AhnsS \n¶pw AhÀ kzÀ¤-¯n-tebv¡v FSp-¡-s¸-«p.

 3. aÙn-bm-knsâ sXcªSp¸v (1 :12þ26)

        At¸m-kvtXm-e-·mÀ Henhp aebn \n¶pw XncnsI bcp-i-te-an-tebv¡v h¶v amfnI apdn-bn IS-¶p.  Ah-cpsS Iq«-¯n ]Xn-s\m¶p injy-·mcpw tbip-hnsâ A½ adn-bbpw Ahsâ ktlm-Z-c-·mcpw Nne kv{XoI-fpw, aäp-Å-hcpw IqSn BsI 120 t]À D­m-bn-cp-¶p.

        Bh-iy-apÅ kµÀ`-§-fn s]s«¶v {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p.  (Nn-e-t¸mÄ Ah-iy-anÃm¯-t¸m-gpw) ]t{Xm-kv, ]´n-cp-h-cpsS Iq«-¯n Hgnªp InS-¡p¶ bqp bpsS Øm\w

\nI¯Ww F¶v \nÀt±in¨p. bqZ tbip-hns\ Hän sImSp-¯-Xn-\m-epÅ Bg-amb Ipä-t_m-[-¯m Bß-lXy sNbvXn-cp-¶p.

        bqZbv¡v ]I-c-ambn sXc-sª-Sp-¡s¸Sp¶ hyàn At¸m-kvtXm-e-·m-tcm-sSm¸w BZn apX D­m-bn-cp¶h\pw DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶äv IÀ¯m-hns\ I­-h-\p-am-bn-cn-¡-W-sa¶v ]t{Xmkv \njv¡Àjn-¨p.

        Cu tbmKy-X-bpÅ c­p-t]sc \ma-\nÀt±iw sNbvXp.  Ch-c-n \n¶pw Hcmsf ssZhw sXc-sª-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-th­n AhÀ {]mÀ°n¨v No«n-«p.  No«v aÙn-bm-kn\v hoWp.

 Bßm-hnsâ BK-a\w (2:1þ13)

A. hchv (2:1-þ3) 

       s]´t¡mkvXp s]cp-¶mÄ IS¶p h¶p.  Cu DÕhw (“s]-´-t¡mkvXp” F¶-Xnsâ AÀ°w “A³]Xmw Znhkw” F¶m-Wv)  i_-¯v, s]kl F¶n-hbv¡v tijw BZy ^e-¡ä AÀ¸n¨v Ignªv A³]Xmw Zn\-¯n sImbv¯ns\ A\p-kva-cn¨p sIm­v BN-cn-¡p-¶-h-bmWv (tehy 23:15,16) tZhm-e-b-¯nse t]mse amfnI apdn-bnepw injy-·mÀ Hcp-an¨v  Bbn-cp-¶p.  ]cn-ip-²mßm kv\m\w F¶ hmKvZ¯w \nd-th-dn-b-t¸mÄ c­v A£-cnI sXfnhpIÄ {]Xy-£-s¸-«p. 

       1. sImSnb Imä-Sn-¡p-¶-Xpt]msebpÅ apg¡w B hoSp-ap-gp-h\pw \nd-¨p.

       2. Aán-Pzme t]mse ]nfÀ¶n-cn-¡p¶ \mhp-IÄ AhÀ¡p {]Xy-£-ambn

   Ah-cn Hmtcm-cp-¯sâ ta ]Xn-ªp.

B. Bßm-hnsâ A\-´-c-^-e-§Ä (2:4-þ13) 

       s]´-t¡mkvXp \mfn bcp-i-te-an h¶ hnhn[ cmPy-§-fn-epÅ P\-§Ä¡v Ah-c-h-cpsS  `mj-I-fn hnizm-kn-IÄ A\y-`m-j-IÄ kwkm-cn-¡p-¶Xv tIÄ¡phm³ CSbm-bn.  A\y-`mj kwkm-cn-¡p-¶Xv ]pXp-hoªv IpSn-¨-Xn-\m B-sW¶v NneÀ ]cn-l-kn-s¨-¦nepw tIÄhn¡mcn CXv AÛpXw Df-hm-¡pI Xs¶ sNbvXp.

V. ]t{Xm-knsâ {]kwKw (2:14-þ40)

]t{Xm-kn\v {]kw-K-¡p-dn¸v H¶pw D­m-bn-cp-¶n-sænepw At±-l-¯n\v c­v kwK-Xn-IÄ Ic-K-X-am-bn-cp-¶p.  Ah (1) Ah\v NneXv ]d-bp-hm³ D­m-bn-cp-¶p.  (2) Ah\v Bßm-hnsâ iàn D­m-bn-cp-¶p.

At¸m-kvtXme {]hr¯nI-fn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶ {]kw-K-§-fn ]utem-knsâ {]kwKw amXrIm ]c-am-bn-cp-¶p.  A©p t]mbnâp-IÄ AS-§nb Hcp cq]-tcJ CXn-\mbn HcmÄ \nÀt±in-¨n-«p-­v. 

1. tbip F´v sNbvXp : Ah³ AÛp-X-§fpw AXn-i-b-§fpw AS-bm-f-§fpw {]hÀ¯n¨p..
2. \n§Ä F´p sNbvXp  : \n§Ä Ahs\ sIm¶p.
3. ssZhw F´p sNbvXp  : ssZhw tbip-hns\ acn¨h-cn \n¶v DbnÀs¯-gp-

     t¶-ev]n-¨p.

1. R§Ä Ct¸mÄ F´p sN¿p¶p: {InkvXp-hn \n§Ä¡v Poh-\p-s­¶ \à

hmÀ¯ R§Ä \n§-tfmSv Adn-bn¡p-¶p.

1. \n§Ä¡v F´p sN¿phm³ Ignbpw :  \n§Ä¡v Ahsâ ]p{X-¦-epÅ

    hnizm-k-¯m ssZh-¯n-¦-en-tebv¡v Xncn-bp-hm³ Ign-bpw. 

Bßm-hnsâ cq]m-´c iIvXnbpsS ^e-ambn ]t{Xm-knsâ {]kwKw aqew 3,000

t]À c£-bv¡mbn ssZh-¯n-¦-en-tebv¡v Xncn-bp-hm³ CS-bm-bn. 

VI.k`-bpsS ZuXyw (2:41-þ47) 

       am\-km-´cw Ah-km-\-t¯Xv AÃ. CsXmcp XpS¡w am{X-am-Wv.  {InkvXob Pohn-X-¯nsâ ZoÀL-amb ]mX-bnse BZy ]Snam{X-amWv “c£n-¡-s¸-SpI” F¶p-Å-Xv. 

       s]´-t¡mkvXp \mfn c£n-¡-s¸« {InkvXym-\n-IÄ CXv a\-Ên-em-¡n-b-hÀ

Bbn-cp-¶p.  AhÀ CS-X-S-hn-ÃmsX At¸m-kvtXm-e-·m-cpsS D]-tZiw tI«pw, Iq«mbva BN-cn¨pw A¸w \pdp-¡nbpw {]mÀ°\ Ign¨pw t]m¶p. (V.42)

        BZna k`-bpsS {]hÀ¯\¯n \ng-en¨p \n¶ LS-I-§Ä {i²n-¡p-I.

1. D]-tZiw (l Iq«mbva (3) A¸w \pdp-¡Â
2. {]mÀ°\ 

Ah-cpsS `h-\-§fpw X§-fpsS ssZhoI {]hÀ¯\§fpsS tI{µ§-fmbn¯oÀ¶p.  k`m sI«nS§Ä AhÀ¡v AÚm-X-ambncp¶p.  {]mÀ°\bv¡pw, A¸w \pdp-¡-en\pw Iq«m-bvabv¡pw D]-tZ-i¯n-\p-ambn AhÀ hoSp-I-fn tNÀ¶p h¶p.  (v.46).

        BZna k` thK-¯n hfÀ¶p.  hnizm-kn-IÄ Zn\w {]Xn k`-tbmSv tNÀ¶p sIm­n-cp-¶p. “c£n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-hÀ” Bbn-«p-­mWv Cu ]pXnb hnizm-kn-IÄ k`-tbmSv tNÀ¶p sIm­n-cp-¶Xv (V.47)

 A²ymbw þ 2

Hcp AÛp-Xhpw AXnsâ A\-´c ^e-§fpw

(3:1-þ4:3)

1. apS-´³ kuJyw {]m]n-¡p-¶p. (3:1þ11)

        Ft¸mgpw \à kvt\ln-Xcmbn-cp¶ ]t{Xmkpw tbml-¶m\pw D¨-I-gnªv aq¶mw aWn t\cw {]mÀ°\m ka-b¯v ssZhm-e-b-¯n-tebv¡v sNÃp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.  {InkvXym-\n-I-fm-bn-¯oÀ¶ blq-Z-·mÀ t]mepw Znhkw \mep {]mhiyw {]mÀ°n¨ncp¶p.  AXv B[p-\nI {InkvXym-\n-I-fmb \ap¡v Hcp amXrIbm-Wv. 

       A½-bpsS KÀ`w apX apS-´-\mb a\p-jys\ tZhm-eb tKm]p-c-¯n-¦Â NneÀ FSp¯p sIm­n-cn-¡pI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-¶p.  AhnsS Ah³ `n£-bm-Nn¨v D]-Po-h\w Ign-¨p-

h-¶p. X§-tfmSv  `n£-bm-Nn-¡p-hm³ XpS-§nb apS-´s\ ]t{Xmkv XSªv “R§sf t\m¡q.” F¶p ]d-ªp. (V.4) s]m¶pw shÅnbpw F\n¡v Cà F¶v ]t{Xmkv ]d-bp-t¼mÄ B apS-´-\mb  s]s«-¶p-­mb \ncmi \ap¡v a\-Ên-em-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.  ]t{Xmkv ]ns¶bpw “F\n¡v DÅXv \n\¡v Xcp-¶p”.  \k-dm-b-\mb tbip-hnsâ \ma-¯n \S-¡pI F¶p ]dªv Ahs\ hew- ssIbv¡v ]nSn¨v Fgp-t¶-ev]n-¨p. (V.6) 

          apS-´sâ \cn-bm-Wn-IÄ AÛp-X-I-c-ambn hfsc s]s«¶v iàn-s¸-«p.  \S-¶pw, XpÅnbpw sIm­v At¸m-kvtXm-e-·mtcmSp IqsS tZhm-e-b-¯n-te¡v IS¶v ssZhs¯ kvXpXn-¨p.  CXv I­-hÀ FÃm-hcpw AXn-i-bn-¨p. 

II. ]t{Xm-knsâ c­m-as¯ {]kwKw (3:12-þ26) 

       Cu AÛp-X-¯nsâ {]m[m-\yX P\-§Ä¡v a\-Ên-em-ImsX t]mbnà F¶v Dd¸p hcp-¯p-hm³ ]t{Xmkv Cu Ahkcw D]-tbm-Kn-¨p.  Cu AÛpX iàn-bpsS Dd-hn-Ss¯ Nq­n-¡m«n AXns\ bn{km-tb-en\p th­n-bpÅ ssZh-¯nsâ c£m-]-²-Xn-bp-ambn _Ôn-¸n-¨p.  Xmsg ]d-bp¶ ZrU {]kvXm-h-\-IÄ Cu {]kw-K-¯n D­m-bn-cp-¶p. 

(A) tbip BWv B a\p-jys\ kuJy-am-¡nXv 

       Cu AÛpXw At¸m-kvtXm-e-·m-cpsS iàn-bmtem Bßo-I-X-bmtem DÅ-X-Ã. CXv iàn-bpÅ tbip-hnsâ \maw aqe-am-Wv.  tbip F¶ t]cn-t\m-sSm¸w GsX-¦nepw am{´nI iàn-bp-s­-¶Ã ]utemkv ]d-ª-Xv.  t]cv hyànsb¡pdn-¡p-¶p.  AXv Hcp hyàn Bbn-cn-¡p¶ Ah-Øbpw sN¿p¶ {]hÀ¯\§fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶p.  Ahsâ \ma-¯n-epÅ hnizmkw F¶p ]dªm {InkvXp-hnepw Ahsâ tcmKim´n-bnepw DÅ hnizmkw F¶m-WÀ°w. 

(B) tbiphnsâ IjvSX Ahsâ ain-lm-Xz-¯nsâ ]qÀ¯oIc-W-amWv (3:17,18)      

       ain-lm-bpsS IjvS-X-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v ]gb \nba {]hm-N-I-·mÀ {]h-Nn-¨n-«p-­v.  AXn-\m  {Iqio-I-cWw F¶v ]d-bp-¶Xv ssZhnI ]²-Xn-bpsS XIÀ¨ AÃ. CXv tbip-hns\ Ahsâ ain-lm-Xz-¯n \n¶pw Atbm-Ky-\m-¡n-bn-Ã.  sbi-¿mhv 53 t]mse-bpÅ ]gb \nba Xncp-sh-gp-¯p-IÄ ain-lm-bpsS IjvS-X-Isf ap³ I­n-cp-¶p. 

(C) ain-sslI A\p-{K-l-§Ä Øm]n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-\pÅ Xmakw blq-Z-·msc          Ahn-izm-k-am-Wv. 

       tbip ainlsb¦n ain-sslI cmPyw FhnsS  F¶v blq-Z-·mÀ ]t{Xm-kn-t\mSv tNmZn-¨p.  X§-fpsS ]m]§Ä amªpInt«-­-Xn\v AhÀ am\-km-´-c-s¸-tSWsa¶pw At¸mÄ am{Xta tbip kzÀ¤-¯n \n¶pw h¶v “Bizmk Ime-§fpw” “bYm-Øm-\-Xzhpw” \evIp-I-bpÅq F¶v ]t{Xmkv adp-]Sn ]d-ªp.

 III   H¶m-as¯ ]oV\w 

1. Ahsc ]nSn-¡p¶p (4:1-þ4) 

At¸m-kvtXm-e-·mÀ P\-t¯mSv kwkm-cn¨p sIm­n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ tZhm-e-b-¯nse Hcp Iq«w DtZym-K-ØÀ h¶v Ahsc ]nSn-¨p-sIm­v t]mbn. 

    B. hnNm-cW (4:5þ22) 

1. km£yw (4:5-þ12)

Cu AZv`p-X-¯n\v ]n¶n-epÅ iàn GsX¶v sXfn-bn-¡p-hm³  ]t{Xm-kn-t\mSpw tbml-¶mt\mSpw Bh-iy-s¸-«p.  ]t{Xmkv ]ns¶bpw ]cn-ip-±m-ßm-hnsâ Hcp ]pXnb iàn-bm \nd-ªv, Hcp AÛpX tcmK-im´n \S¶p F¶ Imcyw k½-Xn-¡p-¶p.

 2. Xocp-am\w (4:3-18) 

k¶{Znw kwLw At¸m-kvtXm-e-·msc XpSÀ¶v {]kw-Kn-¡p-hm³ XoÀ¨-bmbpw A\p-hZn-¨nÃ.  P\-¡q-«-t¯mtSm hyàn-c-]-c-amtbm kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-¡p-¶Xv \nba hncp-²-am-bn-¯oÀ¶p.      

1. 3.   A`yÀ°\ (4:19-þ22) 

{InkvXp-hnsâ ZuXy-t¯mSv A\p-k-c-W-t¡Sv ImWn-¡m¯ hn[-¯n k¶{Zow kwLs¯ A\p-k-cn-¡p-hm³ Fs´-¦nepw amÀ¤-ap-­m-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦n At¸m-kvtXm-e-·mÀ A§s\ sN¿pambn-cp-¶p. At¸m-kvtXm-e-·msctbm IÀ¯m-hn-s\tbm k½-Xn-¸n-¡m³ Ignbm¯ hn[-¯n k¶{Znw kwLw Bbn-¯oÀ¶p. 

C. ^ew (4:23-31) 

]t{Xmkpw tbml-¶m\pw tamNn-¸n-¡s¸«-Xn\p tijw X§fpsS kl-hn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv X§Ä¡v kw`-hn-¨Xv hnh-cn-¨p.  A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS `ojWn Ahsc `b-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-Ã.  ImcWw {InkvXp X§-tfmSv Iev]n-¨-sXs´¶v AhÀ Adnªncp¶p.  ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hnsâ iàn-bn AhÀ B{i-bn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 

A²ymbw þ 3

AI¯pw ]pd¯pw DÅ {]iv\w

(A-t¸m. {].4:32-þ5:16)

 BZys¯ FXnÀ¸v kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw sNdn-b-Xm-bn-cp-¶p.  ]t{Xm-kn-sâbpw tbml-¶m-sâbpw Hcp cm{Xn-bnse XS-¦-en\pw XpSÀ¶v {]kw-Kn-¡-cp-sX¶ `oj-Wn-bnepw AXv Ah-km-\n-¨p.  F¶n-cp-¶mepw BZna k` FÃmw XnIª H¶m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.  Hmtcm ka-b-§-fn CXn-\-I¯v Hmtcm {]iv\-§Ä D­m-bn-cp-¶p.  k`-bpsS i{Xp-¡fpw ]pdta \n¶pÅ FXnÀ¸v Cu {]iv\-§fpw Xo{hX thK-¯n hÀ²n¸n¨p.  

1. {]iv\w AI¯v : A\-\ymkyw k^o-dbpw                   (4:32þ5:1-þ16) 

A. Iq«mbva lrZb-¯nepw hkvXp-hII-fnepw (4:32-þ37)

        {InkvXob Iq«m-bva-bpsS at\m-l-c-amb DZm-l-c-W-am-bn-cp¶p bcp-i-te-anse k`:lrZb-¯n-sâbpw Bßm-hn-sâbpw Cu Iq«mbva X§Ä¡p-Åh ]¦p-h-bv¡p-¶-Xn-epÅ Xmev]-cy-ambn {]I-Sam-¡-s¸«p.

B. A\-\ym-kn-sâbpw k^o-d-bp-sSbpw IY (5:1-þ10)

       bcp-itew k` A\p-`-hn¨p h¶n-cp¶ Iq«mbva \nÀ`mKyhim A\-\ym-knsâbpw k^o-d-bp-sSbpw h©-\-tbmsS XIÀ¡-s¸-«p.  BZna k`-bn B \nanjw hsc IÅtam I]-Stam D­m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.  AXv {]Xy-£-s¸-«-t¸mÄ `uXnI hkvXp-¡-fpsS Imcy-¯n Xs¶ AXv kw`-hn-¨p.

 C. k`-bpsS XpSÀ¨-bmb hfÀ¨ (5:11þ16)

             At¸m-kvtXm-e\mb {]hr¯nbn “k`” (F-¢o-an-b) F¶v BZy-ambn ]cm-aÀin-¡p¶ thZ`mKw.  Cu Znh-k-§-fn bcp-i-te-an XpSÀ¨-bmb am\-km-´cw \S¶p sIm­n-cp-¶p.  ]pcp-j-·m-cpw, kv{XoIfpw AS-§nb ]pcp-jmcw hniz-kn-¨p.  X§-fpsS PohnXw IÀ¯m-hn-\mbpw aäp-Å-hÀ¡pambn ]¦p-h-bv¡p¶ ]pXp P\\w F¶ AZv`pX {]Xn-`m-k-¯n-tebv¡v AhÀ tNÀ¡s¸«p.

 II. {]iv\w ]pd¯v : IqSp-X ]oV\-§Ä

(5:17þ42)

A. ]´n-cp-hÀ ]nSn-¡-s¸-Sp¶p (5:17-þ26)

        IÀ¯m-hnsâ \ma¯n C\n D]-tZ-in¡-cp-sX¶v ap³s] Xs¶ Iev]-\-bp-­m-bn-cp-¶p, F¶m Ah-cpsS Iev]\ ewLn-¡-s¸-«p.  AXpsIm­v AhÀ ]´­v At¸m-kvtXm-e-·m-scbpw ]nSn¨v cm{Xn apgp-h³ Pbn-en  AS-¨p.  B cm{Xn-bn Hcp ZqX³ ImcmKrlhm-Xn Xpd-¶p, tZhm-e-b-¯n-tebv¡v aS§nt¸mIp-hm\pw P\-t¯mSv kwkm-cn-¡p-hm\pw AhÀ¡v \nÀt±iw sImSp-¯p.

B. ]´n-cp-hÀ hnNm-c-W-bn (5:20þ40 a) 

           alm]ptcmln-X³ At\z-jWw \S-¯n.  {][m-\-ambpw c­v kwK-Xn-IÄ Cu ]cm-Xn¡v ASn-Øm-\-am-bn-«p-­m-bpcp¶p.  H¶m-a-Xmbn k¶{Znw kwL-¯nsâ BZys¯ Iev]\ ewLn-¡-s¸-«p.  c­m-a-Xmbn tbip-hnsâ ac-W-¯n\v k¶{Znw kwLs¯ Ipä-s¸-Sp-¯n.

 C. ]´n-cp-hÀ tamNn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.  (5:40:6-þ42) 

       k¶{Znw kwLw Kam-en-tb-ensâ D]-tZ-is¯ XpSÀ¶v At¸m-kvtXm-e-·msc hcp¯n hn«-b-bv¡p-hm³ Iev]n-¨p.  Hcp {]mhiyw km[m-c-W-bmbn \mev]Xv ASn sImtÅ-­-Xp-­m-bncp¶p.  ]t£ aÀ±\w Ahsc `b-s¸-Sp-¯p-Itbm tbip-hnsâ km£yw hln-¡p-¶Xn \n¶pw Ahsc \ncm-i-cm-¡p-Itbm sNbvXn-Ã.

 A²ymbw þ4

tkh\hpw IjvS-Xbpw

(A-t¸m.{].6.7)       -

{InkvXob k`-bpsS BZy-am-k-§-fn Bth-i-ap-WÀ¯p-¶-h-bm-bn-cp¶p.  henb hfÀ¨bpw Akm-[m-cW kwK-XnIfpsS {]ZÀi\hpw D¶-X-amb \mb-Io-b-X-bp-sams¡ Cu ]pXnb {]Øm-\-¯nsâ {]tXy-I-X-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p.  F¶m N{I-hmfw ImÀta-LmhrXam-bn.  k` AXn-tâ-Xmb {]iv\-§-fn-eqsS IS¶p t]mIp-hm³ XpS-§n.  hnizm-kn-IÄ Ah-cpsS hÀ±n ¨ AwK-kw-Jy-bn euInI IS¶p IqSn-b-Xmbn a\-Ên-em-¡n. 

1. Ggp-t]sc sXc-sª-Sp-¡p-¶p.  (6:1þ7)

A. Bhiyw (6:1,2)

Cu ka-b¯v k` A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn¨p sIm­n-cp¶ {]iv\w. 

(1) H¶m-a-Xmbn am\-km-´-c-s¸-Sp-¶-cpsS kwJy {Iam-Xo-X-ambn hÀ²n¨psIm-­n-cp-¶p.

(2) c­m-a-Xmbn bcp-i-te-anse hnizm-kn-IÄ c­p Iq«-am-bn-cp-¶p.  blq-Z-·mÀ (F-{_m-b) slÃ-\n-Ìp-I-fmb ({Ko-¡p-kw-kv¡m-cw) blq-Z-·mcpw.

B. coXn  (6:3þ6) 

       Cu the-bv¡mbn Ggp-t]sc sXc-sª-Sp-¡-W-sa¶v k` At¸m-kvtXm-e-·mÀ \nÀt±in-¨p.C. ^ew 6:7)

            Cu ]pXnb Iq«-¯nsâ ^ew Xzcn-Xhpw km£m-¯m-b-Xp-am-bn-cp-¶p.  ssZh hN\w hfsc ^e-I-c-amb \ne-bn {]N-cn-¸n-¡s¸«p.  ImcWw At¸m-kvtXm-e-·mÀ¡v CXnsâ {]Jym-]-\-¯n-\mbn [mcmfw kabw e`n¨p.

 t\m-knsâ ip{iqj (6:8---þ15)

A. P\-§-fpsS CS-bn (6:5)

        hn[hamcpsS {ip{iq-j-I³ F¶-Xn-ep-]-cn-bmbn kvtX^m-t\mkv bcp-i-te-anse P\-§-fpsS CS-bn kPo-h-ambn km£yw hln-¨p.

 B. ko\tKm-Kn (6:9-þ12)

 kvtX^m-t\mkv Xsâ  km£yw item-tamsâ aWvU-]-¯n am{Xw HXp-¡msX kn\-tKm-Kn-epÅ blq-Z-·m-cpsS CS-bnepw km£yw hln-¨p.  kvtX^m-t\m-knsâ {]kw-Ks¯ JWvUn-¡p-hm³ ]cm-P-b-¸-«-hÀ IÅ-km-£n-Isf \ndp¯n Ahs\Xncmbn ssZh-`q-jWw F¶ Ipäw Btcm-]n-¨p.

c. k¶{Zow kwL-¯n\p ap³]msI (6:12.a-15)

 aq¶p hn[-¯n-epÅ ssZh-`q-jW Ipämtcm]Ww \S¯n kvtX^m-t\m-kns\ k¶{Znw kwL-¯n\p ap³]msI sIm­p-h-c-s¸-«p.  Ah (1) ssZh-¯ns\Xncmb `qjWw (2) tZhm-e-b¯ns\Xn-cmb `qjWw (3) tamssiI \ymb-{]-am-W-¯ns\Xncmb `qj-Ww.

 III. kvtX^m-t\m-knsâ {]kwKw

        k¶{Znw kwL-¯nsâ A[y-£³ alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-\mb I¿-^m]v  Bbn-cp-¶p.  X\n-s¡-Xn-cmb Ipäm-tcm-]-W-s¯-¡p-dn¨v  F§s\ {]Xn-hm-Zn-¡p-¶p-sh¶v I¿-^m]v kvtX^m-t\m-kn-t\mSv tNmZn-¨p.

 A. A{_-lm-an-t\mSpw ]qÀÆ]nXm-¡-·m-tcmSpw DÅ ssZhnI {]hr¯n (7:1þ19) 

       alm]ptcm-ln-Xsâ tNmZy-¯n-\p-¯-c-ambn kvtX^m-t\mkv A{_-lm-an\v Xs¶-¯m³ shfn-s¸-Sp¯n Xsâ Dt±yiw \nd-th-äp-¶-Xn-\mbn ]qÀÆ ]nXm-¡-·m-tcmSp IqsS-bn-cp-¶tX tPma-b-\mb ssZhs¯¡pdn¨v kwkm-cn-¨p. 

B.tami-bn IqsS-bpÅ ssZhnI {]hr¯n (7:20:43) 

       kvtX^mt\mkv bn{km-tb-ensâ Ncn{Xw hc¨p Im«p-t¼mÄ [mcmfw kabw sIm­mWv tami-bpsS Pohn-Xm-\p-`hw hnh-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. 

C. Zmho-Zv, imtem-tam³ F¶n-h-cn IqsS-bpÅ ssZhnI {]hr¯n (7:20-þ43) 

       A£-cnI Be-b-t¯m-SpÅ Xsâ kao-]\w kvtX^m-t\mkv ChnsS Xpd¶p Im«p-¶p.  Hcp `uXnI sI«nSt¯mSpÅ A\Àl-amb `àn- i-tem-tamsâ kao-]-\-¯n\v IS-I-hn-cp-²-am-sW¶v Xsâ hmb-\-¡msc kvtX^m-t\mkv HmÀan-¸n-¡p-¶p.  kvtX^m-t\m-knsâ Ime-¯p-Å-Xn-t\-¡mÄ at\m-l-c-amb Hcp ku[w kvtX^m-t\mkv ]Wn-Xn-«p-­m-bn-cp-¶p.   kam-K-a\ IqSmcw am{X-amWv ssZhw bYmÀ°-¯n Iev]n¨ sI«nSw F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xv.

IV. kvtX^m-t\m-kns\ IsÃ-dn-bp-¶p. (7:54-þ60) 

         kvtX^m-t\m-knsâ Ipäm-tcm-]Ww tI«v k¶{Znw kwLw tIm]]c-h-i-\m-bn-¯oÀ¶p.  tbip-hn-s\bpw ]p\-cp-²m-\-s¯bpw Ipdn¨v ]d-bp-¶-Xn\p ap³s] AhÀ Ahsâ {]kwKw XS-ªp.  k¶{Znw kwLw t{Im[-]-c-h-iy-¯m s]m«n-s¯-dn¨v kvtX^m-t\m-knsâ \K-c-¯n-\-¸p-d¯v sIm­p-t]mbn IsÃ-dnªp sIm¶p.  kvtX^m-t\mkv Xsâ c£-Isâ ]n³ XpSÀ¶v Xsâ sIme-bm-fn-IÄ¡pw X\n¡pw th­n {]mÀ°n¨p.  Xsâ {]mÀ°\bv¡pÅ adp-]-Sn-bpsS `mK-amWv iuensâ am\-km-´-cw.  kvtX^mt\mkns\ sImÃp¶ ka-b¯v iuensâ km¶n²yw eqt¡mkv {]tXyIw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn¡p¶p. 

A²ymbw þ 5

BZy-Ime hfÀ¨ : ]me-kvXo³, kndnb (A-t¸m.-{].8-þ12)

^nen-t¸m-kv, iuÂ, ]t{Xmkv (At¸m.-{].8,9) 

kvtX^m-t\m-knsâ acWw {InkvXob {]Øm-\-¯nsâ Hcp L«-¯n\v A´yw Ipdn-¨p.  B L«-¯n bcp-itew apgp-h\pw kphn-ti-j-¯m \nd-b-s¸-«-Xmbn I­p.  Cu ]«Ww {InkvXym-\n-Xz-¯n\v ap³Xq¡w sImSp-¡p-hm³ bmsXmcp amÀ¤hpw CÃm-bn-cp-¶p.  F¶m CXnsâ kaq-l-¯nsâ FÃm Xe-§-fnepw {InkvXp-hnsâ ktµiw kwL-«\w sNep-¯p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. 

I. ^nent¸mknsâ ip{iqj (8:1-þ40) 

A. bcp-itew k`-bpsS NnX-dn-t¸m¡v (8:1-þ4) 

kvtX^m-t\m-knsâ ac-Ww- Aán kv]penwKw D­m-¡n.  {InkvXym-\n-IÄ bcp-i-te-an \n¶pw Npäp]m-Sp-apÅ {]tZi-§-fmb blq-Zym, iacym F¶o {]tZ-i§-fn-te¡v NnX-dn-t¸m-Ip-¶-Xn\v Cu ]oT\w Imc-W-am-bn. 

B.ia-cy-bpsS kphn-ti-jo-I-cWw (8:5-þ25) 

       ]oT\w aqew NnX-dn-t¸m-b-h-cn Hcm-fm-bn-cp¶p ^nen-t¸m-kv.  ^nen-t¸mkv bcp-i-te-an \n¶pw iacy ]«-W-¯n-tebv¡v t]mbn.  kphn-tijw blq-Z-·msc am{X-aà aäp-Å-h-scbpw IqSn Dt±-in-¨p-Å-Xm-sW¶v  Hcp henb Adnhv k`-bv¡-I¯v Df-hm-¡p-¶-Xn\v  ^nen-t¸m-knsâ ia-cy-tcm-SpÅ {]kwKw apJm-´n-c-am-bn. 

C. FtXym-]y-bnse jWvUsâ am\-km-´cw (8:25-þ40) 

       At¸m-kvtXm-e-·mÀ bcp-i-te-an-te¡v XncnsI t]mb-t¸mÄ ^nen-t¸mkpw Ah-tcm-sSm¸w t]mbn-cn-¡mw.  bcp-i-te-an \n¶pw KmÊ-bv¡pÅ hgn-bn-eqsS t]mIp-hm³ Ah³ \nÀt±in-¡-s¸-«p.  D¶X ]Zhn Ae-¦-cn-¨n-cp-¶-Xmb Hcp FtXym-]y³ jWvU³ CXp hgn bm{X sN¿p¶p­m-bn-cp-¶p.  sbi-¿mhv {]h-Nn-¨-Xp-t]mse tbip-hnsâ IjvS-Xbpw ac-Whpw ]qÀ®ambpw \nd-th-dn-sb¶v ^nen-t¸mkv jWvU-t\mSv hnhcn-¨p. 

II. iuensâ am\-km-´cw (9:1þ31)

A. iuensâ hgn at²y-bpÅ ZÀi\w (9:1-þ9)      

       8:1—þ4 hsc ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ ]oV\w XpSÀ¶v sIm­n-cp-¶p.  bcp-i-te-an\p ]pd-¯pw Cu ]oV\w hym]n-¸n¡pI F¶Xm-bn-cp¶p iuensâ {iaw.  Za-kvt¡m-kn ImWp¶ GXp {IkvXym-\n-sbbpw ]nSn¨p sI«p¶Xn\v iu alm ]ptcm-ln-Xsâ  A[n-Imc ]{Xhpw hm§n Ahn-tSbv¡v bm{X-bm-Ip-I-bm-bncp¶p. 

A. Za-kvt¡m-kn iuensâ \ntbmKw (9:10-þ25) 

       iu Za-kvt¡m-kntebv¡v sN¶v t\ÀÆoYn F¶ sXcp-hn-epÅ bqZ-bpsS ho«n Xma-kn-¨p.  B kabw IÀ¯mhv A\-\ymkv F¶ Hcp km[m-cW hnizm-kn¡v {]Xy-£-s¸-«p.  Ah³ At¸m-kvtXm-et\m k`m- ip{iqjIt\m H¶pw Bbn-cp-¶n-Ã.  iuen\v ImgvN ]p\:Øm]n-¡p-hm\pw Ah-s\mcp \ntbmKw \evIp-hm\pw IÀ¯mhv A\-\ym-kns\ iuensâ ASp¡tebv¡v \bn-¨p. 

C. bcp-i-te-an  iuens\ kzoI-cn-¡p¶p (9:26-þ31) 

       iu bcp-i-te-an-tebv¡v XncnsI sN¶t¸mÄ  BZy-sam¶pw Bcpw Ahs\ kzoI-cn-¨n-Ã.  Ahn-sS-bpÅ {InkvXym-\n-I-tfmSv tNcp-hm³ Ah³ B{K-ln-¨p.  F¶m ssZh-k-`sb ]oUn-¸n-¨-h-\m-I-bm ho­pw Hcp henb ]oV\¯n\mbn IS¶p h¶n-cn-¡p-I-bmWv iu F¶v aäp-Å-hÀ Ahs\ kwi-bn-¨p.  F¶m {]t_m-[\ ]p{X³ F¶À°-apÅ _ÀW-_mkv (4:36) ktlm-Z-c-·mÀ¡v iuens\ ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯n.  bcp-i-te-anse {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS `bw amän-b-Xn-\p-tijw ]utemkv PmXn-I-tfmSv kphn-tijw Adn-bn¸m³ ]pd-s¸-«p. 

III. ]t{Xm-knsâ XpSÀ¶pÅ ip{iqj (9:32-þ35) 

       eqt¡mkv ]ns¶bpw ]t{Xm-knsâ IYbn-tebv¡v Xncnbp¶p.  ImcWw ]utem-knsâ anj-Wdn bm{X-sb-¡p-dn¨v icnbmw h®w a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn\v ap³]v ]cn-tÝ-Z\ sN¿m¯ PmXn-Isf k` bYmÀ° {InkvXym-\n-I-fmbn kzoI-cn-¨-sX§s\sb¶v ImWn-t¡-­Xv {][m-\-s¸« Hcp kwK-Xn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. 

B.tbm¸-bn X_o-Ysb DbnÀ¸n-¡p-¶p. (9:36-þ43) 

       {]mtbm-KnI {InkvXym-\n-Xz-¯n {i²n-¡-s¸« tbm¸-bnse Hcp injy-bm-bn-cp¶p X_o-Ym.  AhÄ acn¨t¸mÄ ]t{Xmkv kao] {]tZ-i¯v Ds­¶v Adnªv Bfp-IÄ Ahsâ ASp¡Â Bf-b-¨p. ]t{Xmkv h¶v B ho«n IS¶v apdn-bn-ep-­m-bn-cp¶ FÃm-h-scbpw ]pd-¯m-¡n.  A§s\ Ah³ {]mÀ°n¡pt¼mÄ AXnsâ ^e-ambn _me DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶-äp. 

A²ymbw þ 6

ssIk-cy-bn-tebv¡pw At´ymIyn-bnte¡pw

(A-t¸m.-{].10þ12) 

ss{IkvXh {]Øm-\-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-¯n tImÀ¶-teym-kn-\pÅ {]m[m\yw ChnsS ImWp-hm³ I-gn-bpw. At¸m.-{].10-þ CXv hni-Zo-I-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. A²ymbw 11þepw CtX-¡p-dn¨v Nne Imcy-§Ä ]d-bp-¶p-­v.  XpSÀ¶pÅ kw`-h-K-Xn-I-fpsS hfÀ¨bv¡v Cu Imcy-§Ä hfsc \nÀ®mbIambn-cp¶p.  kphn-tijw bcp-i-te-an Dd-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw ]me-kvXo-\nsâ aäp {]tZ-i§-fn-tebv¡v hym]n-¡pIbpw sNbvXp. 

1. tImÀ¶-teym-knsâ am\-km-´cw (10:1-þ11:8)

A. tImÀ¶-tey-kn-\p-­mb ZÀi\w (10:1-þ8) 

       ssIkcy F¶ ]«-W-¯n sImÀ¶-teymkv F¶v t]tcmSv IqSnb Hcp ssk\n-I³ ]mÀ¯ncp¶p.  sImÀ¶-teymkv tdma³ ]«m-f-¯nse Hcp iXm-[n-]³ Bbn-cp-¶p.  blq-Z-·m-cpsS ka-b-{I-a-§-fn-sem-¶n sImÀ¶-teymkv {]mÀ°n¡pt¼mÄ ssZh-¯nsâ Hcp ZqX³ Xsâ ASp¡Â h¶v Ahsâ {]mÀ°\ hn^-e-am-bnà F¶v Xt¶mSv ]d-bp-¶p.  Hcp ZÀi\w Ah³ I­p. 

B. ]t{Xm-knsâ ZÀi\w (10:9-þ23) 

       ssZhw sImÀ¶-teym-kn-t\mSv am{X-aà ]t{Xm-kn-t\mSpw CS-s]-«p.  Xsâ Bfp-I-fpsS FÃm km[m-cW ap³hn-[n-I-fp-apÅ Hcp blq-Z-\m-bn-cp¶p ]t{Xmkv.  Ct¸mÄ Ah³ Hcp {InkvXym-\n-bm-bn-¯oÀs¶¦nepw Xsâ ]gb Nn´m-K-Xn-IÄ ]qÀ®ambpw amdn-t¸m-bn-«n-Ã. BZna {InkvXym-\n-IÄ DS-\Sn PmXn-I-tfmSv {]kw-Kn-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã.  CXn-\mbn Cu A²ym-b-¯n hnh-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xp t]mse-bpÅ ssZhoI CS-s]-S th­n h¶p. 

       sImÀ¶-teymkv Ab¨ Bfp-IÄ hcp-t¼mÄ ]t{Xmkv {]mÀ°n¸m\mbn intamsâ ho«nse sh¬am-S-¯n Ib-dn-t¸m-bn-cp-¶p.

C. ]t{Xm-knsâ {]kwKw (10:24-þ43) 

       ]t{Xmkv tImÀ¶-teym-knsâ hk-Xn-tbm-S-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ tImÀ¶-teymkv Ahsâ ]mZ¯n hoWp. Bfb¨p hnfn-¸n-¡p-hm³ ZqX³ Xt¶mSv ]dª hyàn Ct±-l-am-sW¶ _lp-am\w sImÀ¶-teymkn\v D­mbncp¶p.  blq-Z-·mÀ¡pw PmXn-IÄ¡pw CS-bn  ssZhw bmsXmcp hyXym-khpw h¨n-«n-à F¶p XpS§n ]t{Xmkv Xsâ {]kwKw Bcw-`n-¨p.(hm.34) 

D. ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hnsâ BK-a\w (10:44-þ48) 

       ]t{Xmkv {]kw-Kn¨p sIm­n-cn-¡th Xs¶ hN\w tI«hcpsS ta ]cn-ip-²m-ßmhv h¶p. 

E. bcp-i-te-anse hnh-cWw (11:1þ8)

        ]t{Xmkv ssIk-cy-bn Nne \mfp-IÄ ]mÀ¡pt¼mÄ sImÀ¶-teym-knsâ `h-\-¯n D­mb kw`-h-§Ä ]t{Xmkv aS§n hcp-¶-Xn\p ap³s] bcp-i-te-an hmÀ¯-bm-bn.

II. At´mIy k`-bpsS Øm]\w (11:19-þ30) 

A. At´mIy k`-bpsS Øm]-I³ (11:19-þ21) 

       BZys¯ {]kwKw blq-Z-·msc Dt±-in-¨pÅXmbn-cp-¶p.  ]n¶oSv Nne Ipt{]m-kvImcpw Iptd-\m-«p-Im-cp-amb blq-Z-·mÀ At´m-Iy-bn-epÅ bh-\-·m-tcmSpw kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-¨p.  Ah-cpsS {]b-Xv\s¯ IÀ¯mhv hfsc A\p-{K-ln-¨-Xn-\m [mcmfw t]À am\-km-´-c-s¸-«p. 

B. At´ym-Iy-bnse \mb-I-·mÀ (11:19-þ21)

        _ÀW-_mkv Ipt{]kvImc-\mb Hcp blq-Z-\m-bn-cp¶ (4:36) At´m-Iysb kphn-ti-jo-I-cn¨ {][m-\n-I-fn Hcp-h\pw Bbn-cp¶p (11:20).  tai-ta ip{iq-jn-¡p¶ Imcy-¯n Ah³ Bß \nd-hp-Å-h\pw ZÀi\w (hn-izm-kw) {]m]n-¨-h-\p-am-bn-cp-¶-Xn-\m AhÀ Ahs\ kt´m-j-t¯msS Cu thebv¡v Xnc-sª-Sp-¯p.  At´mIyk`-bpsS Xzcn-X-K-Xn-bn-epÅ hfÀ¨ kvtX^m-t\mkv ZÀin-¨-t¸mÄ AXn\v IqSp-X t\XrXzw D­m-tI-­Xnsâ Bhiyw Ah³ Xncn-¨-dn-ªp.  bcp-i-te-anse k`bv¡v iuens\ ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯nb hyàn-bm-bn-cp¶p At±-lw.  (9:27) bcp-i-te-anset¸mse blqZ hnImcw \nd-ªp-\n-ev¡p¶ Cu ]«-W-¯n iuensâ D]-tZ-in¸m-\pÅ hcw {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯m-sa¶v Xncn-¨-dn-ªXpw _ÀW-_mkv BWv.  At´m-Iy-bn h¨mWv BZy-ambn hnizm-kn-IÄ¡v {InkvXym-\n-IÄ F¶ t]cv e`n-¨-Xv.

 C. At´ym-Iy-bnse ip{iqj (11:27-þ30) 

       bcp-ite-an-sebpw At´m-Iy-bn-sebpw k`-IÄ X½n \à kl-I-cWw \ne-\n-¶n-cp-¶p.  bcp-i-te-an \n¶p-apÅ {]hm-N-I-·mÀ _ÀW-_m-kn-t\mSpw iuen-t\mSpw H¸w ]pXnb {]hÀ¯\Øe¯v ip{iq-jn-¨n-cp-¶p. 

III. tltcm-Zm-hnsâ ]oV\w (12:12þ25) 

       tltcm-Zmhv AwKn-¸mhv H¶m-a³ k`sb ]oVn-¸n-¡p-hm³ XpS§n ]me-kvXo-\nsâ cmjv{Sob Xmev]cyw CXn-t\mSv tbmPn-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p.  AXp-sIm­v k`-tbm-SpÅ FXnÀ¸v blq-Z-·m-cpsS \m«n {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambpw {]m]-©n-I-am-bn-cp-¶p. 

A. bmt¡m-_ns\ inc-tÑZw sN¿p¶p.  (12:1,2) 

       Cu ka-b¯v k`sb ]oVn-¸n¨Xv tltcmZv A´n¸mknsâ A\-´n-c-h\pw alm-\à tltcm-Zm-hnsâ sNdp-a-I-\p-amb tltcm-Zmhv A{Kn-¸mhv H¶m-a³ Bbn-cp-¶p. sk_-Zn-bpsS aI\mb bmt¡m-_ns\ hmfnsâ hmbv¯-e-bm sIm¶p.  an¡-hmdpw incÊv tOZn-¨-Xm-bn-cn-¡mw.

 B. ]t{Xmkv XS-hn-em-¡p-Ibpw tamNn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p¶p. (12:3-þ19)

        bmt¡m-_ns\ sIm¶Xv blq-Z-·mÀ¡v  {]kmZambn F¶p I­n«v tltcm-Zmhv ]t{Xm-kn-s\bpw AtX Dt±-i-t¯msS ]nSn¨v XS-hn-em-¡n.

C. tltcm-Zm-hns\ ssZhw ASn-¡p-¶p. (12:20þ25) 

       A{Kn-¸mhv ITn\ thZ-\-bm ]nSn-¡-s¸-«Xpw Hcp Øe-t¯bv¡v amä-s¸«v AhnsS A©p Znh-k-¯n-\p-tijw acn¡pIbpw sNbvXXv F§-s\sb¶v tPmko-^kv hnh-cn-¡p-¶p.  “Iran¡n-c-bmbn” F¶ {]tbmKw alm-\mb tltcm-Zm-hnsâ ac-W-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ tPmkn-^-knsâ hnh-c-W-¯nepw A´n-tbm-¡kv  F¸n-^m-\-knsâ ac-W-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ 11 a¡m-_okv 9:9 þse hnh-c-W-¯nepw kmay-ap-Å-Xm-Wv. 

A²ymbw þ 7

]utem-knsâ H¶mw anj-W-dn-bm{X  At¸m.-{].13,4) 

H¶mw anj-Wdn bm{X þ At¸m.-{].13:1-þ14:2 

       At¸m-kvtXme {]hr¯nsb hn`-Pn-¡p¶ _nµp-hmbn ]Xn-aq¶mw A²ymbw \ne-sIm-Åp-¶p.  bcp-i-te-anepw blq-Z-bnepw ia-cym-bnepw {InkvXym-\nXzw hym]n¨ kw`-h-§Ä BZys¯ ]{´­p A²ym-b-§-fn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶p (11:19þ30 hsc-bpÅ `mK§Ä Hgn-sI) Ct¸mÄ alm-\n-tbm-K-¯nsâ aq¶m-as¯ `mKw Ct¸mÄ \nd-th-d-s¸-Sp-hm³ Bcw-`n-¨p-sIm­v kphn-tijw `qan-bpsS Aä-t¯mfw F¯-s¸-Sp-¶p.

 I. At´ym-Iy-bnse kw`-h-§Ä 

       [mcmfw Ign-hpä t\Xm-¡-·m-cm  A\p-{K-lo-X-am-bn-cp¶p At´m-Iy-bnse k`.  Hcp Znhkw Ah-À IÀ¯m-hns\ Bcm-[n-¨p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ Rm³ hnfn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ the-bv¡mbn _ÀW-_m-kn-s\bpw iuen-s\bpw F\n-¡mbn thÀXn-cn-¸n³ F¶v ]cn-ip-²m-ßmhv ]d-ªp.  k` AXn-t\mSv adp¯v \n¶n-Ã.  D]-h-kn¨v {]mÀ°n¨Xn-\p-tijw Ah-cpsS ta ssIh¨v Ahsc Ab-¨p.  A§s\ BZy anj-Wdn kwLw bm{X-bm-bn. 

2. Ip{]m-knse kw`-h§Ä (13:5-þ13) 

       Ip{]mkv Zzo]nsâ Ing¡v ke-ao-kn Bbn-cp¶p BZys¯ XpS-¡w.  AhnsS kn\-tKm-Kp-I-fn {]kw-Kn-¨-Xn-\p-tijw B kwLw ]ms^mkv Zzo]n-tebv¡v t]mbn.  ChnsS skÀs¤mkv ]utemkv F¶ tZim-[n-]Xn am\-km-´-c-s¸«p IÀ¯m-hn hniz-kn-¨p. F¶m Fen-amkv F¶ a{´-hmZn Ahsâ hnizm-ks¯ XS-bp-hm³ {ian-¨p.  ]utemkv Fen-am-kns\ hnth-Nn¨v Ah³ ]nim-Nnsâ I¿nse Hcp D]-I-c-W-am-sW¶v  Adnªp.  Ahsâ ZpjvSX aqew Ah\v Xmev¡m-en-I-amb AÔX ]nSn-¸n-¨p.  Chn-sS-bmWv ]utemkv Xsâ tdma³ \ma-amb ]utemkv F¶ t]cv D]-tbm-Kn-¨-Xv.  iu F¶Xv Ahsâ blq-Z-\m-ahpw ]utemkv F¶Xv Ahsâ tdma³ t]cpw Bbn-cp-¶p. 

3. Kem-Xy-bnse kw`-h-§Ä (13:14-þ14:20) 

A. ]nknZym tZi-¯nse At´mIy (13:14-þ52) 

       Kem-Xy-bnse tdma³ {]hniyIfn H¶m-bn-cp¶p ]nkn-Zym.  s]À¤bn  \n¶pw Smdkv ae-\n-c-IÄ IS-¶mWv ]utem-kpw _ÀWm-_mkpw Cu {]tZ-i¯v F¯n-bXv (k-ap{Z \nc-¸n \n¶pw 3600 ASn Db-cw) BNmcw F¶ \ne-bn Ahn-Sp-s¯- ]-Ån-bn-tebv¡v sN ¶p.  AhnsS At±-ls¯ {]kw-Kn-¡p-hm³ £Wn-¨p.  AXv Ncn-{X-¯n-te-bv¡pÅ Hcp Xncnªp t\m«-ambn `hn¨p (17-þ25) Xsâ ASp¯ ktµ-i-¯nsâ apJ-hpc Bbn-cp¶p CXv.  B hmKvZm-\-¯nsâ ]qÀ¯oIc-W-am-bn-cp¶p ZmhoZv ]p{X-\mb {InkvXp F¶p-Å-Xm-bn-cp¶p Xsâ ktµ-iw. A§s\ c­m-a-Xmbn tbip {InkvXp-hn DÅXp t]mse-bpÅ kphn-tijw ]utemkv Ah-tcmSv {]kw-Kn-¨p.  (26-      -þ39).  aq¶ma-Xm-bn, X§Ä tI«Xv XÅn-¡-f-bm-Xn-cn-¸m³ kq£n¨ sImtÅ-W-sa¶v ]utemkv AhÀ¡v ap¶-dn-bn¸v sImSp-¡p-¶p. (40-þ41).  Cu km£y-¯nsâ ^ew F¶v ]d-bp-¶Xv NneÀ AXv kzoI-cn-¨p.  NneÀ AXv XÅn-¡-f-ªp. F¦nepw ]«Ww apgph³  ssZhhN\w tI«p F¶p-Å-XmWv (44)

B. Ct¡m-\y(14:1þ15)

        Ahn-izmkw [mÀ½nIambn Zqjn-X-am-b-hbmWv.  CXv Ct¡m-\y-bn ImWs¸«p.  ChnsS hniz-kn-¡m¯ blq-Z-·mÀ PmXn-Isf Ie-¡n, P\s¯ `n¶n-¸n¨v At¸m-kvtXm-e-·msc D]-{Z-hn¨v ]«-W-¯n \n¶pw Ahsc ]pd-¯m-¡m³ {ian-¨p.  Bkq-{Xn-X-amb B B{I-a-W-¯nsâ Xo{hX a\-Ên-em-¡nb At¸m-kvtXm-e-·mÀ sZº, epkv{X F¶n-hn-S-§-fn-tebv¡v HmSnt¸mbn.

 C. sZºbpw, epkv{Xbpw (14:6-þ20) 

       (1) epkv{X-bn c­v {][m\ kw`-h-§Ä D­mbn A½-bpsS P\\w apS-´-\mb a\p-jysâ tcmK-kuJyw Hcp hmÀ¯ P\-§-fpsS CS-bn Im«pXo t]mse ]c-¶p.  ]utemkpw _ÀW-_mkpw tZh-·m-sc¶p hnNm-cn¨v AhÀ¡mbn Hcp bmKw Hcp-¡p-hm³ P\w X¿m-dm-bn.

(2) c­m-as¯ \n¶pÅ blq-Z-·mÀ ]utem-kns\ IsÃ-dn-ª-Xm-bn-cp-¶p.  epkv{X-bn ssZhw Hcp AÛpXw sNbvX-Xn-\m ]ntä Znhkw ]utemkv Fgp-t¶äv sZºbv¡v t]mbn. ]u-temkv At¸mkvtXme³ bYmÀ°-¯n acn-¡p-Ibpw DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶-ev¡p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xm-sW¶v NneÀ hniz-kn-¨p.  F¶m Ah³ bYmÀ°-¯n acn¨XÃmbn-cp-¶p F¶v NneÀ Nn´n-¨p. F§-s\-bm-bmepw CsXmcp AÛpXw Xs¶-bm-bn-cp¶p.  ImcWw sZºbv¡v C{X s]s«¶v t]mIp-¶-Xn \n¶pw ItÃ-dnsâ iàn Ahs\ XS-ªn-Ã.

 4. aS§n hc-hn D­mb kw`-h-§Ä

        aS§n h¶ AhÀ injy-·msc ss[cy-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw aq¸-·msc \nb-an-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp.  At\I ]«-W-§-fn [mcmfw hnizm-kn-IÄ ]oV\w A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶Xv a\-Ên-em¡n ]utemkpw _ÀW-_mkpw thK-¯n AhnsS F¯n Ahsc {]t_m-[n-¸n-¨p ss[cy-s¸-Sp-¯n.  ]pXn-b-Xmbn DS-se-Sp¯ k`-I-fpsS icn-bmb hfÀ¨-bv¡mbn Cu Øe-§-fn aq¸-·msc \nb-an-¨p.  (23)

 A²ymbw þ 8

bcp-itew Iu¬kn (15:1-þ35)

 1. XÀ¡w (1þ6)

        Ime-{I-taW k`-bn PmXnIÄ aqe-ap-­mb {]iv\w AXnsâ aqÀ²-\ym-hØbn  F¯n. bcp-i-te-an \n¶pw At´m-Iy-bn-tebv¡v h¶-h-cn NneÀ c£ {]m]n-t¡-­-Xn\v ]cn-tÝ-Z\ Gev¡pIbpw tami-bpsS \ymb-{]-amWw A\p-k-cn-¡p-Ibpw thW-sa¶v D]-tZ- in¨p. Cu blq-Z-·mÀ {InkvXob hnizm-kn-IÄ Bbn-cp-¶p-sh-¦n t]mepw ChÀ¡v ]cn-tÝZ\ G¡m¯ PmXn-I-fp-ambn Iq«mbva CÃm-bncp-¶p.  CXv {]iv\s¯ hj-fm-¡n.

 2. NÀ¨ (7þ18)

        s]mXp-hmb NÀ¨-bn ]t{Xm-kn-sâbpw ]utem-kn-sâbpw _ÀW-_m-kn-sâbpw bmt¡m-_n-sâbpw [mcmfw XÀ¡-§fpw aäpw D­m-bn.  PmXn-IÄ¡v kphn-ti-j-¯nsâ hmXn Xpd¶p sImSp-¡p-hm³ ssZhw D]-tbm-Kn¨ hyàn F¶ \ne-bn ]t{Xm-knsâ A`n-{]mbw BZyw tIÄ¡p¶Xv B Iq«-¯n\v tbmPn-¨-Xm-bn-cp¶p (5-þ11).  AXn-\p-ti-jw-]u-temkpw _ÀW_mkpw X§-fpsS anj-Wdn bm{X-bn PmXn-Isf c£n-¡p-¶-Xn\v ssZhw sNbvX Imcy-§Ä hnh-cn-¨p.  (12) AXn-\p-tijw bcp-itew k`-bnse AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸« aq¸cpw tbip-hnsâ AÀ² ktlm-Z-c-\p-amb bmt¡m_v Fgp-t¶äv {]iv\-§Ä Hcp Xocp-am-\-¯n-se-¯n-¨p.  (12:17; 21:18)

 3. Xocp-am\w (19-þ35)

        PmXn-I-fn \n¶pw ssZh-¯n-¦-tebv¡v h¶-hsc Ak-ly-s¸-Sp-¯-cpXv F¶m-bn-cp¶p Xocp-am\w (19) Ir]bm-epÅ c£ F¶ X¯zw Iu¬kn AwKo-I-cn-¨p. F¶mWv CXnsâ AÀ°w.

 B²ymbw þ9

]utem-knsâ c­mw anj-Wdn bm{X

(A-t¸m.{] 15:36—þ18:22)

1. bm{X Bcw-`n-¡p¶p (15:36-þ40)

2. k`-IÄ ho­pw kµÀin-¡p¶p (16:1-þ5)

3. ZÀi\w hf-cp¶p (16:6-þ11)

4. ^nen-¸n-b-bnse {]hr¯n (16:12þ40)

^nen-¸n-b-bpsS ]gb t]cv s{I\n-sUkv F¶m-bn-cp-¶p. amkn-tUm-Wn-b-bnse ^nen¸v cmPmhv Cu ]«Ww ]nSn-s¨-Sp-¡p-Ibpw Xsâ t]cv CXn\v \evIp-Ibpw sNbvXp.  ^nen-¸n-b-bnsebpw tdma³ tImf-\n-I-fn-sebpw ]uc-·mÀ tdmam-¡mÀ A\p-h-Zn¨p h¶n-cp¶ FÃm ]Z-hn-Ifpw A\p-`-hn-¨n-cp-¶p.  C¯-ey-¡mÀ¡pÅXv t]msebpÅ Xpey \nb-a-§fpw Ah-Im-i-§fpw AhÀ¡p-­mbncp¶p.  ^nen-¸n-bpsS {]m[m-\y-Xbpw k¼¯pw IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v eqt¡mkv CXns\ {][m\ \Kcw F¶v hnfn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.  bqtdm-¸n BZy-ambn kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-¡-s¸-«Xv Chn-sS-bmWv.

A. the XpS-§p¶p (116:12-þ15)

       ise¯p \mfn ]utemkv ]«-W-¯n-epÅ blq-Z-·m-tcmSv kwkm-cn-t¡-­-Xn\v \Zo-Xo-c-t¯¡p t]mbn.  Hcp blqZ ]Ån XpS-§p-¶-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb ]¯p -]p-cp-j-·mÀ t]mepw AhnsS e`y-a-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p. AXn-\m-emWv Hcp Iq«w blqZ kv{XoIÄ {]mÀ°\¡mbn \Zn-¡-c-bn IqSn h¶-Xv.  ]utemkv Ah-tcmSv kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-¡-th, IÀ¯mhv epZn-b-bpsS lrZbw  Xpd-¶p. AhnsS BZy-ambn am\-km-´-c-s¸-«Xv Hcp kv{Xobm-sW¶v am{X-aÃ, Bky-bnse Cb-ss¯cm ]«-W-¡m-c-¯nbpw Bbn-cp-¶p.  (Hcp k` Øm]n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn\v ]pcp-j-·mÀ Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-¶p)

B. hN\t¯mSpÅ FXnÀ¸v (16:16-þ24)

       ]utem-kn-sâbpw aäp-Å-h-cp-sSbpw km£yw ]«Ww A\p-`-hn-¨-dn-bp-hm³ CS-bmbn (17,20) km¯m\pw {]hÀ¯n¡phm³ XpS-§n.  Ah-cpsS km£ys¯ FXnÀ¡p-¶Xn-\mbn ]nimNv _m[n¨ Hcp _mey-¡m-c-¯nsb Xnc-sª-Sp-¯p.  AhÄ ]utemknsâ ]n¶mse Znhk§tfmfw sN¶v Cu a\p-jyÀ ssZh-¯nsâ Zmk-·mÀ, c£m amÀ¤w \n§-tfmSv And-bn-¡p-¶-hÀ F¶p hnfn¨p ]d-ªp.  Ah-km\w ]utemkv apjnªv Ah-fn-epÅ `qX t¯mSv Ahsf hn«p t]mIp-hm³ Iev]n-¨p. CXv Ah-fpsS bP-am·m-cpsS D]-Po-h\ amÀ¤w CÃm-Xm-¡n. Hcp tdma³ ]uc³ F¶ \ne-bn ASn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn \n¶pw ASn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn \n¶pw AdÌp sN¿s¸Sp-¶-Xn \n¶pw ]utemkv Hgn-hpÅh³ Bbn-cp-¶p.  F¶n«pw ASp¯ {]`mXw hsc ]utemkv Xsâ ]ucXzw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-Ã.

C. the-bpsS ^ew (16:25-þ40)

       X§-fpsS km£yw \nan-¯-ambn ]utemkpw ioemkpw Pbn-en AS-bv¡-s¸-«p.  F¦nepw ssZhw {]hÀ¯n¨psImt­-bn-cp-¶p.  AÀ²-cm-{Xn-bn ]utemkpw ioemkpw ]mSn kvXpXn-¨p sIm­n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ s]s«¶v Hcp `qI¼w D­mbn ImcmKrl¯nsâ hmXn-ep-IÄ Xpd¶v XS-hp-Im-cpsS sI«pIÄ Agnªp t]mbn.  kw-`-hn-¨-X-dnªv Imcm{Krl {]amWn hmfqcn Xs¶-¯m³ sImÃp-hm³ `mhn-¨p.  At¸m-kvtXm-e-·mcpsS ap³]p-Å- km-£yhpw B cm{Xn-bn D­mb kw`-h-§fpw \nan¯w “c£-{]m-]n-¸m³ Rm³ F´p sNt¿Ww” F¶v ImcmKrl {]-amWn tNmZn-¨p. “IÀ¯m-hmb tbip-{In-kvXp-hn hniz-kn-¡, F¶m \obpw \nsâ IpSpw-_hpw c£-{]m-]n¡pw” F¶v ]utemkv adp-]Sn ]d-ªp.  ASp¯ Znhkw A[n-]-Xn-IÄ XS-hp-Imsc hn«-b-¡p-hm³ Iev]n¨p  At¸mÄ ]utemkv Xsâ tdma³ ]ucXzw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw Xte Znhkw X§-tfmSv Im«nb A\ym-b-¯n\v in£ F¶ h®w ]c-ky-ambn X§sf hn«-b-t¡Ww F¶v Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

5. sXÊ-tem\n-¡ (1-þ9)

       ]utem-knsâ Ime¯v sXÊ-tem\n¡ {][m\s¸« Hcp ]«-W-am-bn-cp-¶p.  IÊm³U-dpsS `mcy-bmb alm-\mb Ae-Ivkm-­-dpsS ktlm-Z-cn-bm-emWv CXn\v 315 _n.-kn.-bn \ma-I-cWw sN¿s¸«Xv.  GI-tZiw 2,00,000 Bfp-IÄ A[nhkn¨n-cp¶ amkn-tUm-Wn-b-bpsS XeØm\am-bn-cp¶p CXv.  CXv {][m-\-s¸« Hcp hmWn-Py-tI{µhpw Hcp kzX{´ P\m-[n-]Xy \K-c-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p. (v.5)  ]Xn-hp-t]mse ]utemkv Ahn-sS-bpÅ ]Ån-bn t]mbn {]kwKn-¨p.  aq¶v i_-¯p-I-fn Ah³ C§s\ sNbvXp.  AXnsâ ^e-ambn Nne blq-Z-·mcpw [mcmfw PmXn-Ifpw {][m\ kv{XoIfpw  hnizm-kn-¸m³ CS-bm-bn-¯oÀ¶p.  hniz-kn-¡m¯ blq-Z-·mÀ At¸mkvtXme·msc sImÃp-hm³ {ian-s¨-¦nepw Ahsc ho«n kzoI-cn¨ bmtkms\ am{Xta AhÀ¡v ]nSn-¡p-hm³ Ign-ªp-Åq. ( if sXÊ :2:18)

B. s_tcmh (10-þ14)

       sXÊ-tem\n-Iy-bn \n¶pw 30 ssaep-IÄ AI-se-bpÅ _tcm-h-bn IY ]ns¶bpw BhÀ¯n¨p ]Ån, km£yw, hnizm-kw, FXnÀ¸v.  F¶m AXn\v Hcp hyXymkw D­m-bn-cp¶p.  _tcm-h-bnse Bfp-IÄ IqSp-X D¯-a-·m-cm-bn-cp-¶p. ]utemkv {]kw-Kn-¡p-¶Xv A§s\ Xs¶tbm F¶v Xncp-sh-gp-¯p-Isf ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-Xn-eqsS CXv {]I-S-am-bn-cp-¶p.  (1 sXÊ 3:1-þ2) 

C. AtY\ (15-þ34) 

       ]utemkv ioem-kn\pw Xna-Y-tbm-kn\pw th­n Im¯n-cn-¡pt¼mÄ AtY\-bn Ah³ I­ ImgvN Ahs\ tIm]n-¸n-¨p.  FÃm-bn-S¯pw hn{K-l-§Ä \ndªn-cp-¶p.  km£yw hln-¡p-hm-\pÅ Ah-k-c-§fpw FÃm-bn-S¯pw D­m-bn-cp-¶p.  Xma-kn-bmsX Ahsâ km£yw F¸n-¡q-cyÀ¡pw (B-\-µ-amWv Pohn-X-¯nsâ BXy-´nI e£yw F¶v hniz-kn-¨n-cp-¶-hÀ) kvtXmbn-¡À¡pw (]m³Xob k¯n hniz-kn-¨n-cp-¶-hÀ) Adn-hmbv h¶p.  Ac-tbm-K-¡p-¶n AtY-\-¡m-cpsS tImSXn  kt½-fn-¨n-cp-¶p.  [mÀ½nI]c-amb {]iv\-§-fp-sSbpw P\-§-fpsS aX- Xmev]-cy-§-fpsS XÀ¡-§-fp-sSbpw  ta Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ A[n-Imcw CXn-\p-­m-bn-cp-¶p.  (22þmw hmIy-¯nse AÔ-hn-izmkw F¶p-Å-Xm-bn-cn¡mw AXn-`àn F¶p hnhÀ¯\w sN¿s¸«n-cn-¡p-¶Xv) AÚmX tZh\v AhÀ {]Xna XoÀ¯-Xmbn ]utemkv tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.  XpSÀ¶v At±lw B AÚmX tZh³  Bcm-sW ¶v Ah-tcmSv ]d-bp-¶p.  temIhpw AXn-epÅsXms¡bpw D­m-¡nb ssZhw kzÀ¤-¯n\pw `qan¡pw \mY\mI sIm­v ssI¸-Wn-bmb t£{X-§-f-n hmkw sN¿p¶nà (24þ28).  AXpsIm­v ssZhw a\p-jys\ krjvSn¨p F¦n Ah³ Hcp shdpw a\p-jy-s\-¡m-fptam Hcp hn{K-l-s¯-¡m-fptam DbÀ¶-h-\m-Wv.  FÃm-bn-S¯pw FÃm-hcpw am\-km-´-c-s¸-S-W-sa¶v ssZhw a\p-jy-tcmSv Iev]n-¡p-t¼mÄ a\p-jy³ AXv {i²n-t¡-­-Xm-Wv.  ]p\-cp-²m-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v tI« P\w {i²n-t¡-­-Xm-Wv.  ]p\-cp-²m-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v tI« P\w £a-b-ä-h-cm-bn-¯oÀ ¶p.  NneÀ ]cn-l-kn-¨p. aäp-Å-hÀ hyXymk A`n-{]m-b-§Ä DÅ-h-cm-bn-¯oÀ¶p. Gähpw Ipd-ªXv c­p t]sc-¦nepw c£n-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bp-­m-bn.

 6. sImcn´v (18:1-þ17)

        AtY-\-bpsS hmWn-Pyhpw \mhnIhpamb Imcy-§-fn sX¡phS¡v Ic-amÀ¤-hpambpw Ing¡v ]Sn-ªmdv ISÂa amÀ¤-hp-ambpw sImcn´v \ne-sIm-Åp-¶p. _n.-kn. 46þ Cuenbmkv kokÀ BWv CXns\ ]p\-cp-²-cn-¨Xpw Hcp tImf-\n-bm-¡n-bXpw _n.-kn. 27-þ Ahmb {]hn-iy-bpsS Xe-Øm-\-ambn CXp-am-dn.  sImcn´nsâ hmWn-Py-]-c-amb {]m[m-\yX \nan¯w [mcmfw blq-Z-·mÀ Chn-tSbv¡v BIÀjn-¡-s¸-«p.  hym]-I-amb A[mÀ½nIX \nan¯w CXv Ip{]-kn-²nbpw t\Sn-bn-cp-¶p. 

A. anj-Wdn (1-þ11) 

       ]utemkv sImcn-´n F¯n-t¨À¶Xv \ncm-i-\m-bn-«mWv.  bqtdm-¸nse Xsâ kphn-tij {]hÀ¯\§Ä icn-bmb coXn-bn AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-Ã.  Ahsâ hniz-kvX-amb {]kwK§Ä FXnÀ¡-s¸-«p.  F¶m IÀ¯mhv cm{Xn ZÀi-\-¯n Ah\v {]Xy-£-\mbn sImcn-´n  Xma-kn-¨p-sIm­v ip{iqj XpS-cp-hm³ ]dªv Ahs\ Dd-¸n-¨p.

 B. {ip{iqj (1-þ11) 

       ]cm-aÀin-¡-s¸-«n-«p-Å-Xp-t]mse ]utem-knsâ sImcn-´nse BZys¯ ip{iqj Xt¶m-sSm¸w tPmen sNbvXn-cp¶ AIzn-Ã-tbmbpw {]nkv¡n-Ã-tbmSpw Bbn-cp-¶p.  FÃmw i_-¯nepw Ah³ ]Ån-bn {]kw-Kn-¨p. F¶m blq-Z-·mÀ Ahsâ {]kw-Ks¯ Xnc-kv¡-cn-¨-t¸mÄ Ah³ PmXn-I-fpsS ASp-¡-tebv¡v aS§ns¨¶p.

 C. tZim-[n-]Xn (12-þ17) 

       blq-Z·mÀ ]utem-kns\ \ymb-{]-amW¯n\v hncp-²-ambn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p F¶ Ipäw Btcm-]n-¨p.  At¸mÄ Xm³ blqZ \nb-a-§fn CS-s]-Sp-¶nà F¶pw ]utemkv tdma³ \nb-a-§Ä¡v hncp-²-ambsXm¶pw {]hÀ¯n«nsöpw KÃn-tbm³ ]d-ªp.

 7. bm{X ]qÀ®amIp¶p (18:18þ22)

        H¶m-a-Xmbn ]utemkv AIzn-Ãm-hn-s\bpw {]nkv¡n-Ã-sbbpw F^-tkmkv hsc sIm­p-h¶v Ahsc AhnsS ]mÀ¸n¨p.  s]kl s]cp-¶m-fn\v bcp-i-te-an-te¡v t]mIp-hm³ Xm³ B{K-ln-¨n-cp-¶Xp sIm­v ]utemkv Ft¸m-tkm-kn ]mÀ¡phm³  Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. Ah-km-\-ambn ]utemkv ssIk-cy-bn Cd§n bcp-i-te-an-tebv¡v t]mbn.  AhnsS \n¶pw Xm³ bm{X Xncn¨v At´m-Iy-bn F¯n.  A§s\ c­mw anj-Wdn bm{X ]qÀ®ambn.

 A²ymbw þ10

aq¶mw anj-Wdn bm{X

(A-t¸m.-{].18:23þ21:17)

 1. Fs^-tkmkv (18:23-þ19-:41)

A. Xncp-¯p-¶-Xn hN\¯n\pÅ iàn. (18:24-þ19:7)

        F^-tkmkv A[n-Im-c-¯nsâ  \K-c-am-bn-cp¶p kz´w sk\äpw AÊw»nbpw DÅ Hcp kzX{´ \Kcw IqSn-bm-bn-cp¶p CXv.  F¶m Cu A[n-Imcw B \K-cw `cn¨p sIm­n-cp¶ km¯mtâXv Bbn-cp-¶p. ImcWw ]pcm-X\ temI-¯nse k]vXm-Ûp-X-§-fn H¶m-b Ubm-\-bpsS t£{Xw Chn-sSbmbncp¶p.  Ae-Ivkm-­n-bm-bnse Hcp blq-Z-\mb As¸m-tÃm-kn-te-bv¡mWv \½psS  {i² BZyw IS¶p sNÃp-¶-Xv.  IÀ¯m-hmb tbip-{InkvXphnsâ ip{iq-jsb¡pdn¨v Nne Imcy-§Ä Ah³ tI«ncp¶p. Ah³ ]Ån-bn {]mK-Ûyt¯msS {]k-w-Kn¨p.  tbml-¶msâ kv\m\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v am{Xta Ah\v Adnhv D­m-bn-cp-¶p-Åq.   Ipd-¨p-Imew Ah³ sImcn-´n ip{iq-jn¨p (1 sImcn 1:12) ssZh hN\w  kphn-ti-j-¯n-epÅ Ahsâ ]qÀ®amb [mcWbnÃm-bvasb ]cn-l-cn-¨p.  ]n¶oSv ]utemkv ChnsS F¯p-t¼mÄ As¸m-tÃm-kns\t]mse tbml-¶m³ kv\m]-Isâ kv\m\s¯¡pdn¨v am{Xw Adnªncp¶ tbml-¶msâ ]{´­v injy-·msc ImWp-I-bp-­m-bn.  ]utemkv {]kwKn¨ ssZhhN\w AhÀ¡v a\-Ên-em-b-t¸mÄ AhÀ tbip-{In-kvXp-hnsâ \ma-¯n kv\m\-ta¡p-Ibpw ]cn-ip-²m-ßm-hns\ {]m]n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp.  ]pXnb \nb-a-¯n tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶ ,#v-h-X{´ kv\m\-¯nsâ GI DZmlc-W-am-Wn-Xv. 

B. am\km´-c-¯n-epÅ hN\¯nsâ iàn           (19:8-þ10)

       BNmc acymZ {]Imcw ]utemkv ]Ån-bn-tebv¡v t]mbn aq¶p amk-t¯mfw blq-Z-·m-tcmSv {]kw-Kn-¨p.  \nÝnX ka-b¯v kphn-ti-j-¯n\v  am\-km-´cs¸Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw a\Êv ITn-\-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw DÅ iàn-bp-­m-bn-cp-¶p.  FÃm-hcpw hniz-kn-¨nà F¦nepw ]utem-kn-sâbpw am\-km-´-c-s¸-«-h-cp-sSbpw hniz-kvXX ]qÀ®amb km£y-¯n-eqsS FÃm-hcpw kphn-ti-jo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«p.

C. am\km´-c-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-\pÅ hN\¯nsâ iàn                                         (19:11-þ20)

asä-Ãm-bn-S¯pw t]mse Fs^-tkm-knepw {]kw-Kn-¡-s¸« hN\w AÛp-X-§-fmepw AS-bm-f-§-fmepw ssZhw Dd-¸n-¨p.  tcmKn-Isf kuJy-am-¡p-hm³ ]utemkn\v {]tXyI Ir] \evI-s¸-«n-cp-¶p.  AXnsâ ^e-ambn tbip-hnsâ iànbpsS IoÀ¯n hym]n-¨p. A§s\ Hcp Ah-k-c-¯n Hcp IpSpw-_-¯nse Ggp a{´-hm-Zn-IÄ CXv D]-tbm-Kn¨v {]bm-k-I-c-amb kwK-Xn-IÄ A\p-`-hn-t¡­n h¶p.

 D. ZpÀ\-S-]-Sn-s¡-Xn-cmbn hN\¯nsâ iàn.

        AÀ¯n-akv tZhn-bpsS t£{X-¯n  kaÀ¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v P\-§Ä sIm­p-h-cp¶ shÅn-sIm-­pÅ t£{X-cq-]-§sf XoÀ¡p¶ Za-{Xn-sbmkpw Iq«cpw \S-¯nb Zpjvt{]-c-W-bpsS ^e-am-bn-cp¶p CXv.  [mcmfw Bfp-IÄ {InkvXym-\n-IÄ Bb-Xns\ XpSÀ¶v XoÀ¨-bmbpw Ch-cpsS hym]mcw KWy-ambn Ipd-ªp.  AXp-sIm­v Za-{Xn-tbmkv FÃm X«m³am-scbpw Iq«n hcp¯n Hcp elf D­m¡n AÀ¯n-akv tZhnsb `Pn-¡p-¶Xv GXp-anà F¶v hcp¯n¯oÀ¡p¶-Xn-eqsS F^-t\m-knsâ \ne-\n-ev]n\pw A´-Ên\pw {InkvXym-\n-IÄ tZmjw sN¿p¶p. F¶m-bn-cp¶p Ahsâ hmZw.

 2. bh\ tZiw (20:1–þ5)

        CXn\p tijw ]utemkv a¡-tZm-\y-bn-te¡p t]mbn.  Cu kµÀi-\-¯nsâ Dt±iyw bcp-i-te-an-epÅ Zcn-{Z-·m-cmb hnip-²-·m-cpsS Bizm-k-¯n-\mbn a¡-tZm-\y-bnepw Ahm-b-bnepw DÅ k`-I-fn \n¶pw kw`m-h-\-IÄ tiJ-cn-¡pI F¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p (1 sImcn 16:2;2 sImcn 8:9) c­mw hmIy-¯n ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ bh-\-tZiw F¶Xv CXnsâ sX¡³ `mK-amb Ahmb F¶ P\Iob \ma-¯m Adnbs¸-Sp-¶p.  Ahn-sSbmWv (sIm-cn-´n \n¶pw) tdmam teJ\w Fgp-Xn-b-Xv.

 3. Bky (20:6-þ38) 

A.  t{Xmhm-kn-epÅ hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv {]kw-Kn-¡p-¶p.             (6-þ12)

       ]utemkv t{Xmhm-kn F¯nb-t¸mÄ Rmb-dmgvN Znhkw A¸w \pdp-¡p-hm³ IqSn h¶ hnizm-kn-Isf I­p ap-«n.  (an-¡-hmdpw Hcp t\cs¯ Blm-chpw IÀXrtaibpw  Bbn-cn-¡mw) AÀ²-cm{Xn hsc Ah³ Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn-¨p.  Hcp At¸m-kvtXm-esâ D]-tZiw tIÄ¡pI F¶p-ÅXv t{Xmhm-knse P\-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw hfsc hnc-f-amb Hcp Ah-k-c-am-bn-cp-¶p.

 B. ante-t¯m-kn h¨v F^-tkm-knse aq¸-·msc ]ncn-bp-¶p. (13-þ38)

 H¶m-a-Xmbn ]utemkv Xsâ ip{iqjbpsS kz`mhw Ahsc HmÀan-¸n-¡p¶p (18-þ27).  {][m-\-ambpw ]utem-kn\v aq¸-·m-tcm-SmWv  ]d-bp-hm-\p-­m-bn-cp-¶Xv (28-þ31) ssZhw X§sf A²y-£-cm¡n h¨n-cn-¡p¶ k`sb kq£n¨p sImtÅWw F¶p am{X-am-bn-cp¶ AX.v aq¶m-a-Xmbn ]utemkv Ahsc ssZh-¯n  `mc-ta-ev]n-¡p¶p (32þ38) ]utemkv kwkm-cn-¡p-¶Xv \nÀ¯nbt¸mÄ aq¸-·mÀ Ahs\ hnap-J-X-tbmSpw Zp:Jt¯mSpw IqsS-bmWv bm{X-bm-¡n-b-Xv.  ImcWw Hcp ]t£ Xs¶ C\n ImWp-hm³ AhÀ¡v ap¶-dn-bn¸v sImSp-¯n-cp-¶p.

 4. ]me-kvXo³ (21:1þ17) 

A. tkmÀ (1-þ6) 

       Ime-{I-taW Ah³ s^bv\o-Iy-bnse tkmcn h¶p (cf 11:19) AhnsS hnizm-kn-IÄ Bcpw Csöv kv]jvS-ambn AdnªXp ImcWw Ahsc Is­-t¯-­-Xm-bn«p h¶p.  F¶m I¸Â Nc-¡n-d-¡p¶ Ah-k-c¯n HcmgvN ]utemkv AhnsS ]mÀ¯p.  bcp-i-te-an t]mI-cpsX¶v Bßm-hn-\m AhÀ Ah\v ap¶-dn-bn¸v sImSp-¯p.  F¶m GXp hnt[-\-sb-¦nepw AhnSw t]mI-Wsa¶v ]utemkv B{K-ln-¨p.

B. ssIkcy (7-þ14) 

       AhÀ I¸-tem«w XnI-¨v ]vsXse-am-bnkn F¯n.  ]utemkv Iq«cpw kphn-ti-j-I-\mb ^nen-t¸m-knsâ (8:5) ho«n ]mÀ¯p.  Ah\v I\y-I-amcpw {]h-Nn-¡p-¶-h-cp-amb \mep ]p{X-namÀ D­m-bn-cp-¶p.

 C. sbcp-itew (15þ17) 

       ssIk-cybnse injy-·mÀ NneÀ Ah-tcm-sSm¸w tNÀ¶p.  Ah-cn Hcp ]gb injy-\mb av\mtkm\pw D­m-bn-cp-¶p.  Ch-sc-Ãm-hcpw bcp-i-te-an ]mÀ¯p.  Hcp ]t£ Ct±-l-¯n \n¶p-am-bn-cn¡mw eqt¡m-kn\v bcp-itew k`-bpsS BZy-Ime hnh-c-§Ä e`n-¨-Xv.  Ah-km-\-ambn AhÀ bcp-i-te-an F¯n-t¨-cp-Ibpw aq¶mw anj-W-dn-bm{X ]qÀ®amhp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

 A²ymbw þ 11

]utemkv Ah-km-\-ambn bcp-itew kµÀin-¡p¶p

(A-t¸m.-{].21:17—þ23:35) 

Xsâ kµÀi\w XS-Ê-an-Ãm¯ Hcp hnPbw Bhp-I-bn-söv ]utemkv Adnªncp¶p.  Xsâ ta ]Xn-¡m-hp¶ A]-I-S-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v ]cn-ip-²m-ßmhv ap¶-dn-bn¸v \evIn-bn-cp-¶p.  am{X-aÃ,  Xs¶¡pdn-¨pÅ hne-bn-cp-¯-en {InkvXym-\n-IÄ t]mepw hn`-Pn-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶-Xmbpw Nne hnizm-kn-IÄ Xsâ Dt±y-i-§-sfbpw {]hÀ¯\§-sfbpw Ipdn¨v Kpcp-X-c-amb coXn-bn  sXän-²m-c-W-bpÅhcm-bn-¯oÀ¶psh¶pw ]utemkv Adnªn«p­m-h-Ww. [mcmfw {]iv\ Imc-W-§Ä bcp-i-te-ans\ hebw sNbvXn-cp-¶p. AsXmcp Ipg-¸-¯nse¯m³ ]utem-knsâ hchv am{Xw aXn-bm-bn-cp-¶p.

 1.bmt¡m-_n-t\mSpw aq¸-·m-tcmSpw IqSn-bpÅ ]utem-knsâ  kµÀi\w

(21:17-þ26)

     bcp-i-te-an-epÅ hnizm-kn-IÄ anj-W-dn-amsc  Dujva-f-ambn hc-th-äp.  ASp¯ Znhkw ]utemkv bmt¡m-_n-s\bpw aq¸-·-mscbpw I­p-ap-«n.  Xsâ bm{X-bn ssZhw PmXn-I-fpsS CS-bn {]hÀ¯n¨ Bßob hnP-b-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]utemkv hnh-cn-¡p-¶Xv tI«v Ahcpw ssZhs¯ kvXpXn-¨p.

        Ah-À ]utem-kn\v Hcp {]iv\s¯-¡p-dn¨v [mcW \evIn.  ]cn-tÝ-Z\ DÄs¸-sS-bpÅ tami-bpsS \ymb-{]-am-W-¯nse ]mc-¼-cy-§sf ewLn-¡p-hm³ NnX-dn-¸mÀ¡p¶ blqZ·msc ]utemkv \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶p Fs¶mcp hmÀ¯ Ahn-S-§-fn hym]n-¨psIm-­n-cp¶p.  CXn bmsXmcp kXyhpw D­m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.  ImcWw ]utemkv Hcn-¡epw Xsâ blqZ ]mc-¼cyw Dt]-£n-¡p-hm³ Xocp-am-\n-¨n-«nÃmbn-cp-¶p. X§-fpsS \ymb {]am-Ws¯ \nt£-]n-¡p-hm³ blqZ {Ink-Xym-\n-I-tfmSv ]utemkv Bh-iy-s¸-«Xpw CÃm-bn-cp-¶p.  s]cp¶mfn ]s¦-Sp-t¡-­-Xn-\mbn temI-¯nsâ \m\m`mK¯p \n¶pw h¶ hen-sbmcp kwLw blq-Z-·m-tcm-sSm¸w ]utemkv bcp-i-te-an Bbn-cn-¡p-¶Xv Hcp {]iv\-ambn¯ocpsa¶v bmt¡m_pw Iq«cpw `b-s¸-«p.

 11. tZhm-e-b-¯n h¨v ]utem-kns\ ]nSn-¡p-¶p.                                  (21:27—–þ22:29)

       ip²o-I-cW Ime-amb Ggp-Zn-h-k-¯n-¶n-S-bn Bky-bn \n¶pw h¶ Nne blq-Z-·mÀ (XoÀ¨-bmbpw AhÀ {InkvXym-\n-IÄ  AÃm-bn-cp-¶p) ]utem-kns\ tZhm-e-b-¯n h¨p I­p, an¡-hmdpw bn{km-tb  P\-¯nsâ CS-bn-em-bn-cn-¡mw.  Fs^-tkm-kn ZoÀL-\mÄ Xma-kn-¨n-cp-¶Xp sIm­v AhÀ ]utem-kns\ \Ã-h®w ]cn-N-bap­m-bn-cp-¶p.  AhÀ¡v s{Xm^n-tam-kn-s\bpw Adn-bmam-bn-cp-¶n-cn¡mw.  ]utem-kn-s\bpw s{Xm^n-tam-kn-s\bpw AhÀ  Hcp-an¨v ]«-W-¯n h¨v I­n-cp-¶Xv sIm­v ]utemkv PmXn-Isf AhÀ¡v  \ntcm-[n-¨n-cp¶ tZhm-eb `mK§fnte¡v Iq«n-s¡m­p h¶p F¶ \nK-a\-¯n AhÀ F¯n-t¨À¶p. 

       Cu \ntcm-[-\s¯ ewLn-¡phm³ tdma³ ]uc-·m-cm-bn-cp-¶m t]mepw Ahsc hnNm-cW sN¿phm\pÅ A[n-Imcw tdmam-¡mÀ tdmam-¡mÀ blq-Z-·mÀ¡v \evIn-bn-cp-¶p. ]utem-kns\ Npän-bpÅ kwi-b-¯nsâ shfn-¨-¯n Ah³ s{Xm^n-tamkns\ AI-t¯¡v Iq«n-s¡m­p h¶p F¶v Nn´n-¡p-¶Xv bpàn kl-a-Ã. ]utem-kns\ ]nSn¨v ]pd-t¯bv¡v Cg¨p sIm­v h¶v Ahs\ ASn¨v sImÃphm³ {ian-¨p.  Cu hmÀ¯ tdma³ kl-{km-[n-]³ Adnªv  £W-¯n  GI-tZiw Ccp-¶qdv ]S-bm-fn-I-fp-ambn h¶v  ]utem-kns\ ]nSn¨p sIm­p-t]m-bn.

III. ]utemkv k¶{Znw kwL-¯n\v ap³]nÂ

        ]utem-kns\ ]nSn-¨-Xnsâ ]ntäZnhkw Ahsâ taepÅ Btcm-]-W-s¯-¡p-dn¨v hni-Z-ambn Adn-bphm³  th­n kl-{km-Zn-]³ k¶{Znw kwLs¯ hnfn-¨p-Iq-«n.  {InkvXob {]Øm-\s¯ hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\v k¶{Znw kwLw IqSp-¶Xv CXv Gähpw Ipd-ªXv A©m-as¯ Xh-W-bm-bn-cp-¶p.  Xm³ ]gb \nba aX¯n\v FXn-cà F¶pw Ct¶ Znhkw hsc tIhew \à a\-Ên-em-¡n-tbmSpw IqsS ssZh-¯nsâ ap³]msI \S-¶n-cn-¡p-¶p F¶v ]d-ªp-sIm­v ]utemkv Xsâ {]Øm-]\ Bcw-`n-¨p.  A.D. 47   A[n-Im-c-¯n hcn-Ibpw 66-þ sImÃ-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX, a\-Êm-£n-¡p¯v CÃm¯  Ip{]-kn-²-\mb Hcp alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-\m-bn-cp¶p A\-\ymkv.  ]utemkv Ah\p t\sc ]cpj hm¡p-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¨Xp sIm­v Ahs\ ASn-¡p-hm³ Iev]n-¨p.  A\-\ymkv alm-]p-tcm-ln-X³ F¶v Adnªt¸mÄ ]utemkv Xsâ hm¡p-IÄ ]n³h-en-¨p.

 IV. ]utem-kns\ ssIk-cy-bn-tebv¡v sIm­p-t]m-Ip-¶p.                                         (27:12þ35)

       kvt]mS\mßI-amb k¶-{Zna kwL-¯nsâ tbmK-¯n\p tijw \mev]Xv blq-Z-·mÀ ]utem-kns\ sImÃp-hm³ KqVm-tem-N\ sNbvXp.  Cu IrXyw \S-¸n-em-¡p-¶Xp hsc H¶pw `£n-¡p-I-bn-Ã. F¶v AhÀ ssZh\ma-¯n i]Yw sNbvXn-cp-¶p.  Cu Imcy-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]utem-knsâ s]§-fpsS aI³ Adnªv tIm«-bn IS¶v ]utem-kn-t\mSv ]d-ªp.  kl-{km-[n-]³ Cu bh-\-¡m-c-\n  \n¶pw IY FÃmw tI«v A]-ISw a\-Ên-em¡n CXn-s\-¡p-dn¨v BtcmSpw ]d-bm-Xn-cp-¶-sX¶v ap¶-dnbn¸p \evIn.

        cm{Xnbn H³]Xv aWn¡v Ccp-¶qdv Ime-msfbpw Fgp-]Xv IpXn-c-¸-S-bm-fn-I-sfbpw Ccp-¶qdv Ip´-¡m-scbpw ssIk-cybv¡v t]mIp-¶-Xn\v Hcp-¡p-hm³  kl-{km-[n-]³ Iev]n-¨p.

 A²ymbw 12

t^enIvkv, s^kvtXm-kv, A{dn-¸mhv

(A-t¸m.-{].24þ26)

 1. ]utemkv t^en-Ivknsâ ap³]msI (24:1-þ27)

 I. Ipäm-tcm-]Ww 

        aq¶v {][m\ Ipä-§-fmWv ]utem-kn\p ta Btcm-]n-¡-s¸-«-Xv.

1. cmPy-t{Zmlw : bcp-i-te-an am{X-aà temI¯v FÃm-bn-S¯pw kam-[m-\-¯n\v `wKw hcp-¯p-Ibpw cmjv{Sob `n¶X krjvSn¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp F¶ Ipäw ]utem-kn\v ta Npa-¯-s¸-«p.

 2. aX\nµ 

       \k-dmb aX¯n\v ap³]³  F¶v Ahs\ hnfn-¡p-¶Xp sIm­v AÀ°-am-¡p-¶Xv ]utemkv tami-bpsS \ymb {]am-Ws¯ ewLn¨p F¶m-Wv. 

3. tZhm-ebw Aip-²-am-¡pI :þ Hcp bh\s\ ]utemkv tZhm-e-b-¯n-tebv¡v sIm­p h¶p F¶p-Åm-bn-cp¶p Ah-cpsS bYmÀ° apd-hnfn (21:28) 

III. ]utem-knsâ {]Xn-tcm[w  

       Xsâ taepÅ cmjv{So-b-amb Ipäm-tcm-]-Ws¯ ]utemkv D]m-[n-bn-ÃmsX XÅn-¡-f-ªp.  Xsâ bcp-i-te-an t]mbXv Bcm-[-\bv¡v th­n am{X-am-bn-cp-s¶¶pw shdpw ]{´­p Znhkw am{Xta AhnsS Xm³ D­m-bn-cp-¶pÅq sh¶pw ]utemkv t^enIvkns\ t_m[n-¸n-¨p. Xsâ taepÅ aX]camb Ipäm-tcm-]-W-§-fn Nneh kXy-am-sW¶v Ah³ k½-Xn-¨p.  Xsâ ssZhoI hnizm-k-s¯bpw Xncp-sh-gp¯v c£, `mhn ]p\-cp-²m\w F¶n-h-bn-epÅ hnizm-k-¯n-\p-amWv Xsâ i{Xp-¡Ä ssZh-`q-jWw F¶p ]dbp-¶Xv.

 II. ]utemkv s^kvtXmkn\v ap³]nÂ

        t^enIvkn\p tijw blq-Z-bpsS KhÀ®-dmbn t]mÀkn-bkv  s^kvtXmkv F.-Un. 58  A[n-Im-c-ta-äp.  At±lw KhÀ®À  ]Zw Gsä-Sp-¯v Xe-Øm-\-amb ssIk-cy-bn-te¡v h¶ DS³ Xs¶ bcp-i-te-an-tebv¡v Hcp bm{X sNbvXp.  Ft«m ]t¯m Znh-ks¯ {lkz kµÀi\w ]qÀ¯nbm¡nb tijw,  s^kvtXmkv Xsâ  Xe-Øm-\-amb ssIk-cy-bn-te¡v hcn-Ibpw ASp¯ Znhkw ]utem-knsâ Imcy-¯n-t·Â DÅ hmZw tIÄ¡pIbpw blqZm {]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ ]utem-kn³ ta ap³]v Npa-¯nb AtX Ipäw Xs¶ ho­pw Npa-¯p-I-bp-­mbn (24:5,6) Hcp sXfn-hp-Ifpw \nc-¯n-bnà Hcp km£n-I-sfbpw \nÀ¯nbnÃ. AXp-sIm­v ]utem-kn\v \njv{]-bmkw Hmtcm Btcm-]-W-§-sfbpw \ncp-]m-[nIw XÅn-¡-f-bp-hm³ Ignªp.  Ah³ blqZ \ymb-{]-amWw ewLn-¡p-tbm, tZhm-e-bs¯ Aip-²-am-¡p-Itbm ssIkÀ¡v FXn-cmbn cmPy-t{Zml¡päw \S-¯p-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-¶n-Ã.  ]utem-knsâ Imcy-¯n XoÀ¸v Iev]n-t¡-­-Xn\v s^kvtXmkv AhnsS D­m-bn-cp-¶p.  ]utemkv \nc-]-cm-[n-bm-sW¶v s^kvtXmkn\v a\-Ên-em-bn.  A{Kn-¸mhpw _ÀWo-¡-bp-am-bpÅ ]Xnhp kµÀi\w Xsâ kml-N-cy-¯n\v Aev]w Bizmkw ]IÀ¶p.

 III. ]utemkv A{Kn-¸m-hnsâ ap³]msI (25:13þ26:32)

 ssIksc A`bw sNmÃn-cp-¶-Xp-sIm­v A{K-¸m-hn\p ap³]msI {]Xn-hmZw ]d-tb­ Bhiyw ]utem-kn\v CÃm-bn-cp-¶p.  F¶n-cp-¶mepw blqZ cmPm-hn\p  ap³]msI km£n-bm-Ip-hm-\pÅ Ah-kcw ]utemkv D]-tbm-Kn-¨p.  X\n¡v cmPm-hn-t\mSv \mev hyàn-]-c-amb Imcy-§Ä ]d-bp-hm-\p­m-bn-cp-¶p.  (2,3,19,27)

 A. Xsâ am\-km-´-c-¯n\v ap³]pÅ PohnXw (26:1-þ11)

        BZy-am-bn. ]coi³ F¶ \ne-bn-epÅ Xsâ Pohn-X-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]utemkv ]d-bp-¶p.

 B. Xsâ am\-km-´cw (26:12þ18)

             Xsâ am\-km-´c ka-b¯v ssZhw Gev]n¨ Hcp \ntbm-K-t¯m-SpÅ A\p-k-cWw F¶ h®-am-bn-cp-¶p.  ]utem-knsâ XpSÀ¶pÅ PohnXw.

 C. hn[n (26:24þ32)

        ]utem-kn\v {`m´p­v F¶v ]dªv hn[n {]kvXm-]n-¡p-t¼mÄ s^kvtXmkv aSn-¨p. ]utemkv {`m´-·mÀ¡v sN¿phm³ Ign-bm¯ h®w kpt_m-[-t¯mSpw bpàn]qÀÆ-ambpw adp-]Sn ]dªp. F¶n«v ]utemkv cmPm-hn-t\mSv {]hm-N-I-·msc hniz-kn-¡p-¶pthm?  F¶p tNmZn-¨p.  ‘Cà F¶v A{Kn-¸mh’v  ]d-ªn-cp-s¶-¦n aX]camb bmYm-Øn-Xn-I-Xz-¯n-epÅ Xsâ aXn¸v  \jvS-s¸-Sp-am-bn-cp-¶p.  ‘hniz-kn-¡p¶p’ F¶v Ah³ ]d-ªn-cp-s¶-¦n  ]utem-knsâ hmZs¯ ]c-ky-ambn AwKo-I-cn-¡p¶ Ah-Ø-bn A{Kn-¸mhv F¯n-t¨-cp-am-bn-cp-¶p.

 A²ymbw þ 3

Ah-km\w tdmanÂ

tdman-tebv¡v \mSpISÂ (27:1þ28:16)

 A. ssIkcy apXÂ apdm hsc (1þ5)

        tdman-te-bv¡pÅ bm{X-bn ]utem-kns\ bqen-tbmkv F¶ iXm-[n-]sâ I¿n Gev]n-¨p.  Xsâ kvt\ln-Xsc kµÀin-¡p-¶-Xn\v ]utemkv kotZm-\n  h¨v A\p-h-Zn-¡-s¸-«p.  ImcWw Hcp tdma³ ]uc³ F¶ \ne-bn ]utem-kn-t\mSv Zm£n-Wy-t¯msS s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw ssIk-dpsS hn[n hcp-¶nSw hsc \nc-]-cm-[n-sb¶v IW-¡m-¡p-Ibpw sNt¿­Xp­mbn-cp-¶p.

 B. apdm apXÂ t{I¯-hsc (6-þ8) 

apdm-bn h¨v tdman-tebv¡v t]mIp¶ Hcp Ae-Ivkm-{­nb¡¸Â I­p.  AhÀ AXn Ibdn {]bmk-t¯msS bm{X sNbvXp.  t{I¯ Zzo]nsâ sX¡³ Xoc-amb ‘ip`m-Xp-d-apJw’ F¶ Øe¯v F¯n.

 C. t{I¯ apXÂ saen¯ hsc (9-þ26) 

       kabw thK-¯n IS¶p t]mbn.  F{Xbpw thKw IS I¸Â bm{X-¡mÀ¡v {]Xn-Iq-e-am-bn-¯o-cp-hm³ XpS-§n-bn-cp-¶p.  t\m¼v Ignªp F¶v eqt¡mkv tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv ]m]]cn-lmc Znh-k-s¯-bmWv kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.  AXnsâ AÀ°w CXv HIvtSm-_À am k¯n-em-bn-cp¶ F¶m-Wv.  I¸Â bm{X bqen-tbm-kn\pw Iq«À¡pw hfsc {]bm-k-am-bn-¯o-cp-am-bn-cp-¶p.  F¶m iXm[n-]³  I¸n-¯msâ hm¡v hniz-kn-¨-Xn-\m AhÀ bm{X XpSÀ¶p.  A§s\ AhÀ bm{X sN¿pt¼mÄ Imän AI-s¸«v I¸Â  BSn-bp-e-bphm³ XpS-§n.  Cu ka-b¯v ]utemkv Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn-¨p.  t{I¯ Xpd-apJw hn«p-t]m-I-cp-sX¶v Xm³  Ah-tcmSv ]dª Imcyw ]utemkv Ahsc HmÀ¸n-¨p.  F¦nepw BcpsSbpw Poh\v  bmsXmcp Ipg¸hpw hcn-à F¶v Ah³ AhÀ¡v Dd¸p sImSp-¯p.  ImcWw Hcp ssZh-Zq-X³ ]utem-kn-t\mSv A{]-Imcw ]d-ªn-«p-­m-bn-cp-¶p.

 D. I¸Â tOZw (27þ44) 

sImSp-¦m-änsâ ]Xn-¶memw cm{X-bn CXv kw`-hn-¨p.  Bgw Af-¶-t¸mÄ AhÀ Ic-tbmSv ASp-¡p-I-bm-sW¶v AhÀ¡v a\-Ên-em-bn.  kpc-£n-X-ambn Xoc-s¯-¯p-¶-Xn-\mbn \¦q-c-an«v t\cw shfp-¡p-hm³  Im¯n-cp¶p (30) t\cw shfp-¡m-dm-b-t¸mÄ \¦qcw amän-b-Xn\p tijw I¸Â Ic-bn-tebv¡v Xncn¨p hn«p.  F¶m Hcp CSp-§nb ]mX-bn h¨v I¸Â XIÀ¶p (41).  \o´p-hm³ Ign-bp-¶-hÀ Ib-en-tebv¡v NmSn c£-s¸-Sp-hm\pw tij-ap-Å-hÀ  I¸-en \n¶pw CSp¶ ]e-I-ta ]nSn¨v c£-s¸-Sp-hm\pw Iev]-\-bp-­m-bn.  I¸Â XIÀs¶-¦nepw ]utemkv {]kw-Kn-¨Xp t]mse FÃm-hcpw c£-s]-«p.

 E. saen¯ (28:1-þ11)

        aq¶p-am-k-¡mew saen-¯-bn sNe-h-gn-s¨-¦nepw B ka-b¯v c­p kw`-h-§Ä am{Xta tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-Åq.  Ic-bvs¡-¯nb DS³ Xs¶-bmWv H¶m-as¯ kw`hw \S¶Xv.   Bfp-IÄ Xo Iq«ns¡m­ncn¡pt¼mÄ ]utemkv Ahsc klm-bn-¡p¶ kµÀ`-¯n Hcp ]m¼v Ahs\ ISn-¨p.  c­m-as¯ kw`hw ]p»n-tbm-knsâ A¸sâ tcmK-kuJyw Bbn-cp-¶p.  ]p»n-tbmkv Ahn-Sps¯ Zzo]p {]amWn Bbn-cp-¶p.  Ahsâ A¸³ ]\nbpw AXn-km-chpw _m[n¨v InS-¸n-em-bn-cp-¶p.  ]utemkv {]mÀ°n¨v Ahsâ ta ssIh-¨-t¸mÄ Ah\v kuJy-am-bn.  AXnsâ ^e-ambn At\-IÀ ]utem-kn-sâbpw sshZy-\mb eqt¡m-kn-sâbpw ASp-¡Â h¶p.  NneÀ {]mÀ°\bn-eqsSbpw aäp NneÀ sshZy-\mb eqt¡mkv \nÀt±in¨ acp¶v Ign-¨p kpJw {]m]n-¨p.

 F. saen-¯-bn \n¶pw tdman-te¡v (12þ16)

       Ah-km\w ]utemkv tdman F¯n.  AhnsS X\n¡v Imh-emb ]S-bm-fn-tbm-Sp-IqsS thdn«p ]mÀ¸m³ bqen-tbmkv Ahs\ A\p-h-Zn-¨p.

 6. tdmanse XS-§Â (28:17þ31)

        tdmanse blqZ t\Xm-¡-·m-cp-am-bpÅ BZys¯ IqSn-¡m-gvN-bn ]utemkv Xsâ \nc-]-cm-[n-Xz-s¯-¸än am{Xw ]d-ªp. Xs¶-¡p-dn¨v tZmj-ambn AhÀ bmsXm¶pw tI«n«nsöpw {InkvXob amÀ¤s¯ kw_-Ôn¨v X¶n \n¶v tIĸm³ B{K-ln-¡p¶p sh¶pw AhÀ ]utem-kn-t\mSv ]d-ªp.  c­m-as¯ IqSn¡mgvN-bn tbip IÀ¯m-hns\¡pdn¨v hni-Z-ambn ]utemkv Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn-¨p.  NneÀ Ah-t\mSv tbmPn-¨p.  NneÀ hntbm-Pn-¨p.  AhÀ  ]ncnªp t]mIp-t¼mÄ kXy-h-N\w tIÄ¡pt¼mÄ Ah-cpsS lrZbw ITn-\-s¸Spw F¶v sbi¿m {]hm-N-I³ {]h-Nn-¨-Xn-s\-¡p-dn¨v Ahsc HmÀ½-s¸-Sp-¯n.  Xm³ hmS-bvs¡-Sp¯ ho«n-tebv¡v amdp-hm³ Ah\v A\p-hmZw In«n.  Cu c­p hÀj-¡mew Ah\v im´-\m-bn-cn-¡m-am-bn-cp-¶p, ]t£ ]utemkv AS-§n-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.

        Cu ka-b¯v ]utemkv \mev ]pXnb \nba teJ-\-§Ä Fgp-Xp-I-bp-­m-bn.  Ft^-kyÀ, ^nen-]yÀ, sImtem-kyÀ, ^nte-tam³ Ah\v [mcmfw kµÀi-Icpw D­m-bn-cp-¶p. Ah-cn Nnesc \ap¡v Adn-bmhp-¶-h-cmWv.  (F-t^.6:21; sImtem. 4:7þ9; ^nen 1:1; ^ntem-tam³ 1; ^nen 4:18; sImtem.1:7,8; 4:10,14)  ]utem-knsâ hmZw Ah-km-\-ambn tI«Xn\p-tijw F´p kw`-hn¨p?  eqt¡mkv AXn-s\-¡p-dn¨v H¶p ]d-bp-¶n-Ã.  F¶m Nne hÀj§Ä¡p tijw tdmanse c­m-as¯ Pbn hmk-¯n Hm«w XnI¨v hnizmkw Im¯p sIm­v Xsâ Poh³ ]utemkv h¨p sImSp-¯p. (2 Xnsam.4:7) A§s\ {InkvXob Ncn-{X-¯nsâ \mSIo-b-amb ap¸Xv hÀjs¯ kw`h_lp-e-amb Xsâ hnh-cWw eqt¡mkv Ah-km-\n-¸n-¡p-¶p.